Abstract
The new monte-carlo generator of heavy ion collisions, DCM-SMM, based on Dubna Cascade Model (DCM-QGSM) and Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) is described. The model aimed to generate particle–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at a wide range of energy was created to provide the computer simulation support to new experimental facilities BMN and MPD at the accelerator complex NICA. It can simulate the production of both light particles and nuclear fragments and hyperfragments on the event by event basis.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors pay a tribute to one of the founders and a developer of the model prof. Konstantin Gudima who passed away in 2018. M. Baznat and G. Musulmanbekov thank O. Teryaev and O. Rogachevsky for stimulating discussions.
Funding
A. Botvina acknowledges the support of BMBF (Germany). The work has been performed in the framework of the project 18-02-40084/19 supported by RFBR grant “Megascience NICA”.
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RUNNING THE CODE
RUNNING THE CODE
The DCM-SMM program is available as an executable binary file on UNIX/Linux platforms. A bash shell script file is provided to define the input parameters and run the program (see A.1.) The input parameters include number of jobs to run, number of events per job, projectile and target charges and atomic numbers, reference system (laboratory or equal velocity) and collision energy, impact parameter range. As a result of simulation two output files are created: *.inf and *.out, where “*” stands for the output file name. The first one contains information about the input parameters as well as some additional information about the reaction, for example, geometric and inelastic cross sections, the number of projectile and target participants, and the parameters used in the simulation. The second file contains the characteristics of particles and nuclear fragments produced on event-by-event basis (see A.2.). Produced particles are identified by their lepton (LN), charge (EN), strange (SN) and baryonic (BN) numbers. Furthermore, they are assigned PDG identification codes, which are given in Table 1. Nuclear codes are given as 10-digit numbers ±10LZZZAAAI. For a (hyper)nucleus consisting of \({{{\text{n}}}_{p}}\) protons, \({{{\text{n}}}_{n}}\) neutrons and \({{{\text{n}}}_{\Lambda }}\)\(\Lambda \)’s, A = \({{{\text{n}}}_{p}}\) + \({{{\text{n}}}_{n}}\) + \({{{\text{n}}}_{\Lambda }}\) gives the total baryon number, Z = \({{{\text{n}}}_{p}}\) the total charge and L = \({{{\text{n}}}_{\Lambda }}\) the total number of strange quarks. I gives the isomer level, with I = 0 corresponding to the ground state and I > 0 to excitations, see [4], where states denoted m, n, p, q translate to I = 1–4. As examples, the deuteron is 1 000 010 020 and 235U is 1 000 922 350 [16].
A.1. Input File
In order to run the simulation user writes the input parameters in the provided bash shell script file between lines “Begin Input parameters” and “End Input parameters”. The input parameters include
• name of output files,
• name of executable file,
• number of jobs to run,
• number of events per job,
• projectile and target charges and atomic numbers,
• reference system (laboratory or equal velocity),
• collision energy,
• impact parameter interval.
An example of user editable part of the script is given below. The script creates a directory with a name defined by a variable “basename” and generates intermediate input files for running the program within it.
# The basename is the name of the folder for the output files which will
# be created by this script in the directory the script is called.
# The basename will also be in front of every outpufile to easily recognize it
#
# BEGIN Input parameters
basename='AuAu_ss9_mb'
exename='dcm_smm.exe'
jobs_per_energy=1
events_per_job=1000
#
AP=“197.” # Projectile mass
AT=“197.” # Target mass
ZP=“79.” # Projectile charge
ZT=“79.” # Target charge
BMIN=“0.0” # Minimum of impact parameter (fraction, 0 to 1)
BMAX=“1.0” # Maximum of impact parameter (fraction, 0 to 1)
KSYS=2 # Observer system (1 – lab sys, 2 – nucleon-nucleon cms)
E0=“9.0” # Energy (GeV): KSYS=1 -> E0=E_lab; KSYS=2 -> E0=sqrt(s)
#####
# END Input parameters
#
# Here the random seed is initialized
seed=“date +%s”
INPUTFILE=$basename
touch $INPUTFILE
read -d '' str3 <<- EOF
$basename.inf
$basename.out
$AP, $AT, $ZP, $ZT, 0.0, 0.940, $E_coll, $N_events
$STAT
$BMIN, $BMAX, 1, $KSYS
#**************************************
EOF
echo “$str3” > $INPUTFILE
A.2. Output File *.out for a Single Event
The output file *.out begins with a header giving information about the simulated collisions and brief description of the event structure followed by lists of particles generated in each event. The event header is a line containing an event number, number of particles after cascade and coalescence part of the simulation, impact parameter and its x and y components. The next line contains information about target residual nucleus: number of fragments it decayed on, atomic number, charge, strangeness, exitation energy and momentum components. Only the number of fragments could be used for further processing, the rest is for information only. The next lines in a number corresponding to that of the fragments are describing the respective fragments: charge, lepton number, strangeness, barion number, PDG ID, \({{p}_{x}}\), \({{p}_{y}}\), \({{p}_{{{\text{zcm}}}}}\), \({{p}_{{{\text{zlab}}}}}\), and mass. These lines are followed by the same information about the projectile fragments and particles produced after cascade and coalescence stages of a reaction.
Results of DCM-SMM calculations of nuclear collisions
of A1=197.,Z1 = 79. + A2 = 197., Z2 = 79.
at T0= 11.434(sqrt(s)= 5.003) GeV/nucleon in the collider
(equal velocities=cms for A1=A2) system
Characteristics of event:
No. of event, number of produced particles after cascade
and light clusters after coalescence stages, b, bx, by – impact parameter (fm)
Target residual nucleus:
Number of fragments (it decays on), its atomic number,
charge, strangeness, excit. energy and 3-momentum
Characteristics of fragments:
charge, lepton number, strangeness, baryon number, PDGID,
P(x), P(y), P(z), Plab(z), mass
Projectile residual nucleus: the same as for target residual
Characteristics of produced particles after cascade and light clusters after coalescence stages: the same as for fragments
1 5 14.194 13.709 3.681 | |||||||||
5 194. 78. –0.0.0154 0.1374 0.2630 450.4103 | |||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | 1.3901E–02 | 3.3045E–02 | 2.3014E+00 | 1.2286E+01 | 9.40000E–01 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | –9.4771E–03 | 4.2047E–02 | 2.1817E+00 | 1.1695E+01 | 9.40000E–01 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | 5.3359E–02 | 3.1486E–02 | 2.2510E+00 | 1.2038E+01 | 9.40000E–01 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | –1.4019E–03 | –1.0408E–02 | 2.5417E+00 | 1.3481E+01 | 9.40000E–01 |
78 | 0 | 0 | 190 | 1 000 781 900 | 8.1056E–02 | 1.6684E–01 | 4.4116E+02 | 2.3536E+03 | 1.78600E+02 |
195. 79. –0.0.0230 0.0102 0.0697 –452.0061 | |||||||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | 1.0937E–02 | 4.0639E–02 | –2.3661E+00 | –1.4645E–02 | 9.40000E–01 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | –1.6699E–02 | 3.9166E–02 | –2.2739E+00 | 2.0027E–02 | 9.40000E–01 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | –1.1652E–02 | –3.2099E–02 | –2.3680E+00 | –1.5650E–02 | 9.40000E–01 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | –6.1822E–03 | –1.3715E–02 | –2.2678E+00 | 2.1564E–02 | 9.40000E–01 |
79 | 0 | 0 | 191 | 1 000 791 910 | 3.3818E–02 | 3.5689E–02 | –4.4274E+02 | 4.5704E–01 | 1.79540E+02 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2212 | 2.9709E–01 | –3.6733E–01 | –2.1463E+00 | –2.1463E+00 | 9.38280E–01 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 000 010 020 | 1.4571E–01 | 4.1871E–01 | 4.6205E+00 | 4.6205E+00 | 1.87612E+00 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | –6.6378E–02 | –1.0530E–01 | 1.6096E+00 | 1.6096E+00 | 9.39570E–01 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2112 | –3.6069E–01 | –4.2789E–01 | –2.2049E+00 | –2.2049E+00 | 9.39570E–01 |
–1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –211 | –1.6605E–01 | 1.7860E–01 | –1.2341E–01 | –1.2341E–01 | 1.39570E–01 |
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Baznat, M., Botvina, A., Musulmanbekov, G. et al. Monte-Carlo Generator of Heavy Ion Collisions DCM-SMM. Phys. Part. Nuclei Lett. 17, 303–324 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477120030024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1547477120030024