Larvae of three sea spider species of the genus Nymphon (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the White Sea
- 129 Downloads
- 15 Citations
Abstract
Larvae of three Nymphon species are described. For Nymphon brevirostre Hodge, 1863 and Nymphon micronyx Sars, 1888 protonymphon larvae are examined, larvae of N. micronyx have been studied for the first time. The fine external morphology of larvae is studied in detail using SEM methods; the internal structure of N. brevirostre protonymphon is additionally described. SEM data on external morphology and fine surface structures are given for several postembryonic stages of Nymphon grossipes Fabricius, 1780. Different types of postembryonic development are revealed in examined Nymphon species. N. brevirostre and N. micronyx have a “typical protonymphon” developmental pathway. A special developmental pathway named “lecithotrophic protonymphon” is suggested for N. grossipes and other Nymphonidae having large yolky eggs.
Key words
Pycnogonida Nymphon postembryonic development fine morphology developmental pathways lecithotrophic protonymphonPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Bogomolova, E.V. and Malakhov, V.V., Fine Morphology of the Larvae of Achelia borealis (Ammotheidae, Pycnogonida, Arthropoda), Trydy Belomorskoi Biol. St., vol. 8: Materials VI Internat. Conf., August 10, 2001: Coll. Papers, Moscow: Russian University, 2002, pp. 27–37.Google Scholar
- 2.Bogomolova, E.V. and Malakhov, V.V., Larvae of Sea Spiders (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of the White Sea, Zool. Zhurn., 2003, vol. 82, issue 11, pp. 1–17.Google Scholar
- 3.Bogomolova, E.V. and Malakhov, V.V., Fine Morphology of Sea Spider Larvae (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of the White Sea, Zool. Bespozvonochnykh, 2004, vol. 1,issue 1, pp. 3–28.Google Scholar
- 4.Dogiel, V.A., Materialy po istorii razvitiya Pantopoda (Materials on the Ontogenesis of Pantopoda), St.-Petersburg, 1913.Google Scholar
- 5.Dogiel, V.A., Klass Mnogokolenchatykh (Pantopoda) (Class of Sea Spiders (Pantopoda). Treatise on Zoology, Moscow: Sovetskaya Nauka, 1951, pp. 45–106.Google Scholar
- 6.Lozina-Lozinskii, L.K., Pantopoda of the Arctic Seas of the USSR, Materialy po izucheniyu Arktiki (Materials on the Investigations in the Arctic), Moscow: All-Union Arctic Institute, Glavsevmorput’, 1935, no. 4, pp. 1–140.Google Scholar
- 7.Bain, B.A., Larval Types and a Summary of Postembryonic Development within the Pycnogonids, Invert. Reprod. Dev., 2003, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 193–222.Google Scholar
- 8.Bain, B.A., Postembryonic Development in the Pycnogonid Austropallene cornigera (Family Callipallenidae), Invert. Reprod. Dev., 2003, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 181–192.Google Scholar
- 9.Behrens, W., Larvenentwicklung und Metamorphose von Pycnogonum litorale (Chelicerata, Pantopoda), Zoomorphology, 1984, vol. 104, pp. 266–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Dogiel, V., Ein interessanter Fall von atavistischer Mißbildung bei einer Pantopodenlarve, Zool. Anz., 1911, vol. 38, no. 13, pp. 321–323.Google Scholar
- 11.Fahrenbach, W.H., Microscopic Anatomy of Pycnogonida: I. Cuticle, Epidermis, and Muscle, J. Morphol., 1994, vol. 222, pp. 33–48.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Jarvis, J. and King, P., Reproduction and Development in the Pycnogonid Pycnogonum litorale, Mar. Biol., 1972, vol. 13, pp. 146–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Kowalevsky, A.O., Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Excretionsorgane der Pantopoden, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, 1892, ser. 7, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1–9.Google Scholar
- 14.Kröyer, H., Om Pycnogonidernes Forvandlinger, Naturhist. Tidskr., 1, 1840, vol. 3, pp. 299–306.Google Scholar
- 15.Lovely, E.C., Evolution of Pycnogonid Life History Traits, Ph. D. Diss., Durham, NH, USA: University of New Hampshire, 1999.Google Scholar
- 16.Meisenheimer, J., Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pantopoden. I. Die Entwiklung von Ammothea echinata Hodge bis zur Ausbildung der Larvenform, Z. Wiss. Zool., 1902, vol. 72, no. 2–3, pp. 191–248.Google Scholar
- 17.Morgan, T.H., A Contribution to the Embryology and Phylogeny of the Pycnogonids, Stud. Biol. Lab. Johns Hopkins Univ. (Baltimore), 1891, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–76.Google Scholar
- 18.Nakamura, K., Postembryonic Development of a Pycnogonid, Propallene longiceps, J. Nat. Hist., 1981, vol. 15, pp. 49–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Ohshima, H., Nymphonella tapetis n. g., n. sp., A Pycnogon Parasitic in a Bivalve, Annot. Zool. Jap., 1927, vol. 11(3), pp. 257–263.Google Scholar
- 20.Ohshima, H., The Adult of the Bivalve-infesting Pycnogonid, Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima, Annot. Zool. Jap., 1933, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 53–60.Google Scholar
- 21.Ohshima, H., Young Pycnogonids Found Parasitic on Nudibrahchs, Annot. Zool. Jap., 1933, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 61–66.Google Scholar
- 22.Ohshima, H., A Further Note on Nymphonella tapetis: The Egg-Carrying Mature Male (Eurycydidae, Pantopoda), Annot. Zool. Jap., 1935, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 95–102.Google Scholar
- 23.Okuda, S., Metamorphosis of a Pycnogonid Parasitic on a Hydromedusa, J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imper. Univ., ser.6 (Zool.), 1940, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 73–86.Google Scholar
- 24.Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. and Stock, J.H., Apparent Parasitism of Sabella melanostigma (Polychaeta) by Ammothella spinifera (Pycnogonida) from the Gulf of California, Rev. Biol. Trop., 1987, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 269–275.Google Scholar
- 25.Tomashko, K.-H., Wilhelm, E., and Bückmann, D., Growth and Reproduction of Pycnogonum litorale under Laboraroty Conditions, Mar. Biol., 1997, vol. 129, pp. 595–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Vilpoux, K. and Waloszek, D., Larval Development and Morphogenesis of the Sea Spider Pycnogonum litorale (Ström, 1762) and the Tagmosis of the Body of Pantopoda, Arthropod Struct. Dev., 2003, vol. 32, pp. 349–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.Wilhelm, E., Bückmann, D., and Tomashko, K.-H., Life Cycle and Population Dynamics of Pycnogonum litorale (Pycnogonida) in a Natural Habit, Mar. Biol., 1997, vol. 129, pp. 601–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar