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The Effect of Four Industrial By-Products on the Photosynthetic Pigments, Dry Weight and Ultrastructure of Zea mays L.

  • PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
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Abstract

Physiological structures, components and elements are critical for cultivating a healthy crop. The use of alternative products to promote plant growth and health is required for a growing demand. Leaf chlorophyll concentration, chloroplast ultrastructure as well as element concentration in the shoots and roots of maize treated with industrial by-products were investigated. These included flue gas powder, extruded poppy-heads, grinding sludge and sewage sludge compost. Plants treated with flue gas powder had severe reduction in shoot and root dry weight, chlorophyll content and chloroplast number as well as disintegration of the chloroplasts. Grinding sludge induced the highest root dry weight with the least reduction in shoot dry weight. In addition, the content of various photosynthesis pigments was the highest in the grinding sludge treatment. Furthermore, chloroplasts were intact and cells retained greater endoplasmic reticulum. Sewage sludge compost performed second best after grinding sludge. This study indicates that not all industrial waste materials can be recycled in agriculture due to their negative effects on plant physiology. Flue gas powder cannot be recommended for maize production under presented circumstance to improve production but grinding sludge holds potential. This study contributes to the potential solutions for the disposal of industrial by-products in the landfills.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank the following companies for supplying the material used for this research (sewage sludge compost, extruded poppy heads and grinding sludge): Alkaloida Chemicals Co. Ltd. and Ore, Mineral and Waste Recycling Works of Borsod Private Co. Ltd., and Kristály-99 Ltd.

We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Béla Kovács for helping with the ICP analysis. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ibolya O. Tóth and Faragó C.S. Erzsébet for helping with laboratory work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary

    B. Tóth

  2. Department of Plant Anatomy, Faculty of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117, Budapest, Hungary

    K. Bóka

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, 9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa

    L. A. Rothmann & M. J. Moloi

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  1. B. Tóth
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  4. M. J. Moloi
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Correspondence to B. Tóth.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Tóth, B., Bóka, K., Rothmann, L.A. et al. The Effect of Four Industrial By-Products on the Photosynthetic Pigments, Dry Weight and Ultrastructure of Zea mays L.. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 48, 296–305 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106235902103016X

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