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Review on Dark Energy Models

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Abstract

Based on quantum mechanics and general relativity, Karolyhazy proposed a generalization to the well-known Heisenberg uncertainty relation in which the energy density of quantum fluctuations of space-time plays a crucial role. Later on, various holographic DE models were suggested, in which the Hubble scale (size) and the age of the universe were assumed as measures for the largest infrared cutoff satisfying the holographic principle and energy bounds assuring applicability of quantum field theory. We review various models based on the holographic principle and the Karolyhazy relation and compare these to the space-time foam and superconducting DE models. We analyze their (in)stability against cosmological perturbation.

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Acknowledgment

AT is very grateful to Tibeiu Harko for the stimulating discussions on the (in)stability of the holographic and agegraphic DE models and proposing to compare them with superconducting DE models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nile University, Juhayna Square of 26th-July-Corridor, 12588, Giza, Egypt

    Abdel Nasser Tawfik

  2. Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany

    Abdel Nasser Tawfik

  3. World Laboratory for Cosmology And Particle Physics (WLCAPP), 11571, Cairo, Egypt

    Abdel Nasser Tawfik & Eiman Abou El Dahab

  4. Faculty of Computers and Information, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), 11671, Cairo, Egypt

    Eiman Abou El Dahab

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  1. Abdel Nasser Tawfik
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Tawfik, A.N., El Dahab, E.A. Review on Dark Energy Models. Gravit. Cosmol. 25, 103–115 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0202289319020154

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