Abstract
The prevalence of restless legs syndrome and its impact on daytime function were explored in a hemodialysis population, particularly addressing the response consistency of restless legs syndrome symptoms. A two-point internet-based questionnaire survey with a one week interval was administered to 645 subjects of a hemodialysis population. Five hundred and four candidates (332 men and 172 women with mean [SD] age of 59.1 [12.8] years) with hemodialysis who completed the two surveys were selected for analysis. Questionnaire items included personal data, four criteria items for diagnosis of restless legs syndrome, Athens Insomnia Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Short Form 8-items for health survey, and items of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Scale. Factors associated with deteriorated mental component summary and physical component summary on Short Form 8-items for health survey and depression were assessed. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome was the rate of those meeting the four diagnostic criteria items for this disorder in both surveys: 12.9%. Restless legs syndrome category defined by response consistency to the restless legs syndrome criteria items was significantly associated with the physical component summary score deterioration. This two-point survey indicated reliable prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a hemodialysis population, and revealed that stability of restless legs syndrome symptoms might contribute to the presence of certain daytime dysfunctions in this population.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ekbom KA. Restless legs syndrome. Neurology 1960; 10: 868–73.
Allen RP, Bharmal M, Calloway M. Prevalence and disease burden of primary restless legs syndrome: results of a general population survey in the United States. Mov. Disord. 2011; 26: 114–20.
Allen RP, Stillman P, Myers AJ. Physician-diagnosed restless legs syndrome in a large sample of primary medical care patients in western Europe: prevalence and characteristics. Sleep Med. 2010; 11: 31–7.
Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J et al. Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Arch. Intern. Med. 2005; 165: 1286–92.
Bjorvatn B, Leissner L, Ulfberg J et al. Prevalence, severity and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in the general adult population in two Scandinavian countries. Sleep Med. 2005; 6 (4): 307–12.
Hogl B, Kiechl S, Willeit J et al. Restless legs syndrome: a community-based study of prevalence, severity, and risk factors. Neurology 2005; 64: 1920–4.
Rothdach AJ, Trenkwalder C, Haberstock J, Keil U, Berger K. Prevalence and risk factors of RLS in an elderly population: the MEMO study. Memory and Morbidity in Augsburg Elderly. Neurology 2000; 54: 1064–8.
Tison F, Crochard A, Leger D, Bouee S, Lainey E, El Hasnaoui A. Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome in French adults: a nationwide survey: the INSTANT Study. Neurology 2005; 65: 239–46.
Li LH, Chen HB, Zhang LP, Wang ZW, Wang CP. A community-based investigation on restless legs syndrome in a town in China. Sleep Med. 2012; 13: 342–5.
Tsuboi Y, Imamura A, Sugimura M, Nakano S, Shirakawa S, Yamada T. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a Japanese elderly population. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2009; 15: 598–601.
Nomura T, Inoue Y, Kusumi M, Uemura Y, Nakashima K. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a rural community in Japan. Mov. Disord. 2008; 23: 2363–9.
Tuncel D, Orhan FO, Sayarlioglu H, Isik IO, Utku U, Dinc A. Restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: association with depression and quality of life. Sleep Breath. 2011; 15: 311–15.
Araujo SM, de Bruin VM, Nepomuceno LA et al. Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease: clinical characteristics and associated comorbidities. Sleep Med. 2010; 11: 785–90.
Kawauchi A, Inoue Y, Hashimoto T et al. Restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: health-related quality of life and laboratory data analysis. Clin. Nephrol. 2006; 66: 440–6.
Kim JM, Kwon HM, Lim CS, Kim YS, Lee SJ, Nam H. Restless legs syndrome in patients on hemodialysis: symptom severity and risk factors. J Clin Neurol 2008; 4: 153–7.
Lin CH, Wu VC, Li WY et al. Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease: a multicenter study in Taiwan. Eur. J. Neurol. 2013; 20: 1025–31.
AASM. International Classification of Sleep Disorders: diagnostic and Coding Manual, 2nd edn. American Academy of Sleep Medicine: Westchester, IL, 2005.
Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisi J. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 2003; 4: 101–19.
Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A et al. Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2003; 4: 121–32.
Lefante JJ, Jr, Harmon GN, Ashby KM, Barnard D, Webber LS. Use of the SF-8 to assess health-related quality of life for a chronically ill, low-income population participating in the Central Louisiana Medication Access Program (CMAP). Qual Life Res. 2005; 14: 665–73.
Tokuda Y, Okubo T, Ohde S et al. Assessing items on the SF-8 Japanese version for health-related quality of life: a psychometric analysis based on the nominal categories model of item response theory. Value Health 2009; 12: 568–73.
Soldatos CR, Dikeos DG, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. J. Psychosom. Res. 2000; 48: 555–60.
Okajima I, Nakajima S, Kobayashi M, Inoue Y. Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2013; 67: 420–5.
Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: a Self-Report Depression Scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement. 1977; 1: 385–401.
Kinoshita E. Examining 16 items shortened version CES-D scale. Natl Fam Res Jpn 2001; 2: 141–54. (In Japanese.)
Nomura T, Inoue Y, Nakashima K. Clinical characteristics of Restless legs syndrome in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 2006; 250: 39–44.
Nakai S, Watanabe Y, Masakane I et al. Overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2011). Ther. Apher. Dial. 2013; 17: 567–611.
La Manna G, Pizza F, Persici E et al. Restless legs syndrome enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing long-term haemodialysis treatment. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2011; 26: 1976–83.
Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, Edling C. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among men aged 18 to 64 years: an association with somatic disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Mov. Disord. 2001; 16: 1159–63.
Anand S, Johansen KL, Grimes B et al. Physical activity and self-reported symptoms of insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and depression: the comprehensive dialysis study. Hemodial Int. 2013; 17: 50–8.
Sasai T, Inoue Y, Komada Y, Nomura T, Matsuura M, Matsushima E. Effects of insomnia and sleep medication on health-related quality of life. Sleep Med. 2010; 11: 452–7.
Baglioni C, Battagliese G, Feige B et al. Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. J. Affect. Disord. 2011; 135: 10–19.
Nakai S, Masakane I, Akiba T et al. Overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2005). Ther. Apher. Dial. 2007; 11: 411–41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matsui, K., Sasai-Sakuma, T., Takahashi, M. et al. Restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients: Prevalence and association to daytime functioning. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 13, 127–135 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/sbr.12095
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sbr.12095