Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Population genetic structure and variability of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in the stocking area along the Pacific coast of northern Japan

  • Published:
Fisheries Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The genetic diversity of wild and hatchery-released Pacific herring Clupea pallasii collected from three brackish lakes and two bays in Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan was examined with five microsatellite loci. All loci showed high genetic variability with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.815 to 0.945. Significant differences in genotypic and allelic distributions were detected among all locations except for between the two bays in Honshu Island. Pairwise population analysis based on the F ST > values showed close genetic relationships among the locations in Hokkaido Island, and the hierarchical analyses of molecular variance showed significant genetic difference between the two islands. Those results suggest the existence of subpopulations due to natal homing. In addition, stocked fish showed as much genetic diversity as the wild fish. The pairwise population analyses also showed close relationships between the hatchery fish and the wild fish in respective stocking areas, showing that no effects of stocking programs on genetic diversity of wild populations were detected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Levin SA, Grenfell B, Hastings A, Perelson AS. Mathematical and computational challenges in population biology and ecosystem science. Science 1997; 275: 334–343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hanski I. Metapopulation dynamics. Nature 1998; 396: 41–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Slatkin M. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Science 1987; 236: 787–792.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Endler JA. Genetic heterogeneity and ecology. In: Berry RJ, Crawford TJ, Hewitt GM (eds). Genes in Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 1991; 315–334.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Waples RS. Pacific Salmon, Oncorhynchus spp. and the definition of ‘Species’ under the Endangered Species Act. Mar. Fish. Rev. 1991; 53: 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Waples RS. Evolutionarily significant units and the conservation of biological diversity under the Endangered Species Act. In: Nielsen JL, Powers GA (eds). Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem: Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation, American Fisheries Society Symposium Vol. 17. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. 1995, 8–27.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Smedbol KR, Wroblewski JS. Metapopulation theory and northern cod population structure: interdependency of subpopulations in recovery of a groundfish population. Fish. Res. 2002; 55: 161–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. FAO Fisheries Department. Report of the expert consultation on utilization and conservation of aquatic genetic resources. FAO Fish. Rep. 1993; 491: 1–58.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Utter F. Population genetics, conservation and evolution in salmonids and other widely cultured fishes: some perspective over six decades. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 2004; 14: 125–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Campton DE. Genetic effects of hatchery fish on wild populations of Pacific salmon and steelhead: what do we really know? In: Schramm HL, Piper RG (eds). Uses and Effects of Cultured Fishes in Aquatic Ecosystems, American Fisheries Society Symposium, Vol. 15. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda. 1995; 337–353.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Svetovidov AN. Clupeidae. In: Fauna of U.S.S.R. Fishes Vol. 2, No. 1 (Translated from Fauna of U.S.S.R. Acad. Nauk. SSSR Zool Inst. N. S. 48 in Russian) Israel Program Sci. Tansl., Jerusalem. 1963; 120–179.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hart JL. Pacific fishes of Canada. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 1973; 180: 730.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kobayashi T, Yabuki K, Sasaki M, Kodama J. Long-term fluctuation of the catch of Pacific herring in Northern Japan. In: Megrey BA, Taft BA, Peterson WT (eds). Pices-Globec International Program on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity: Report of the 1999 Monitor and Rex Workshops, and the 2000 Model Workshop on Lower Trophic Level Modelling, PICES Scientific Report No. 15. PICES, Sidney. 2000; 103–106.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kobayashi T. History of herring fishery in Hokkaido and the review of population study (Review). Sci. Rep. Hokkaido Fish. Exp. Stn. 2002; 62: 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kanno Y. Variations in meristic and morphometric characters among populations of herring Clupea pallasii in the far eastern waters. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 1989; 55: 431–439.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kanno Y. Comparison of age composition, sex ratio and growth rate among populations of herring Clupea pallasii in the far eastern waters. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 1989; 55: 583–589.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kobayashi T, Iwata M, Numachi K. Genetic divergence among local spawning populations of pacific herring in the vicinity of northern Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 1990; 56: 1045–1052.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Yamamoto Y. Seedling Production Techniques of Pacific Herrings, Technical Series 7. JASFA, Tokyo, 2000 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fishery Agency Fisheries Research Agency and National Abundantly Productive Sea Promotion Association (ed.). Annual Statistics of Seed Production and Release in 1998–2005. National Abundantly Productive Sea Promote Association. Tokyo. 2000–2007 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  20. O’Connell M, Dillon MC, Wright JM, Bentzen P, Merkouris S, Seeb J. Genetic structuring among Alaskan Pacific herring populations identified using microsatellite variation. J. Fish Biol. 1998; 53: 150–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Small MP, Loxterman JL, Frye AE, Bargen JFV, Bowman C, Young SF. Temporal and spatial genetic structure among some Pacific herring populations in Puget Sound and the southern strait of Georgia. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 2005; 134: 1329–1341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. McPherson AA, Stephenson RL, O’Reilly PT, Jones MW, Taggart CT. Genetic diversity of coastal northwest Atlantic herring populations: implications for management. J. Fish Biol. 2001; 59: 356–370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McPherson AA, Stephenson RL, Taggart CT. Genetically different Atlantic herring Clupea harengus spawning waves. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2003; 247: 303–309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jørgensen HBH, Hansen MM, Loeschcke V. Spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the southwestern Baltic Sea: do they form genetically distinct spawning waves? ICES J. Mar. Sci. 2005; 62: 1065–1075.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Okouchi H. Stocking effectiveness assessment and making techniques in marine stock enhancement. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 2006; 72: 450–453 (in Japanese).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Takagi M, Taniguchi N, Cook D, Doyle RW. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from red sea bream Pagrus major and detection in closely related species. Fish. Sci. 1997; 63: 199–204.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. O’Connell M, Dillon MC, Wright JM. Development of primers for polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi). Mol. Ecol. 1998; 7: 357–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Van Oosterhout C, William F, Hutchinson DP, Wills M, Shipley P. Micro-Checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2004; 4: 535–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Nei M. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York. 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  30. El Mousadik A, Petit AJ. High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] endemic to Morocco. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1996; 92: 832–839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. Nonparametric methods in Lieu of single-classification Anova. In: BIOMETRY: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research, 3rd edn. Freeman and Co., New York. 1995; 423–439.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Steel RGD. A rank sum test for comparing all pairs of treatments. Technometrics 1960; 2: 197–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Dwass M. Some k-sample rank-order tests. In: Olkin I, Ghurye SG, Hoeffding H, Madow WG, Mann HB (eds). Contributions to Probability and Statistics. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. 1960; 198–202.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Raymond M, Rousset F. GENEPOP (ver. 3.4): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 1995; 86: 248–249.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Raymond M, Rousset F. An exact test for population differentiation. Evolution 1995; 49: 1280–1283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L. Arlequin, Ver. 2.000: A Software for Population Genetic Data Analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva. 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hardy OJ, Vekemans X. SPAGeDi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels. Mol. Ecol. Notes 2002; 2: 618–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Rice RW. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 1989; 43: 223–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Young FW, Takane Y, Lewyckyj R. ALSCAL: a multidimensional scaling package with several individual differences options. Am. Stat. 1980; 34: 117–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Takane Y, Young F, Leeuw JD. Non-metric individual differences multidimensional scaling: an alternating least squares method with optimal scaling features. Psychometrika 1976; 42: 7–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 1992; 131: 479–491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Okouchi H, Kodama J, Nagashima H, Kabutomori Y, Iwamoto A. Migration and natal homing of Pacific herring along the Pacific coast of Honshu Islands. Report of the Fish Resource Investigation for Stock Enhancement No. 16. Japan Sea Farming Association, Tokyo. 2003 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Aomori Prefecture. Red Data Book Aomori. Aomori Prefecture, Aomori. 2000 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kanno Y. Ecology and stock structure of the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in Japan. Saibai Giken 1983; 12: 59–69 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  45. McQuinn IH. Metapopulation and the Atlantic herring. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 1997; 7: 297–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ryman N, Laikre L. Effects of supportive breeding on the genetically effective population size. Conserv. Biol. 1991; 5: 325–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stock Enhancement Technology Development Center, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 879-2602, Oita, Japan

    Takuma Sugaya

  2. Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 108-8477, Minato, Tokyo, Japan

    Michihiro Sato, Emi Yokoyama, Yuta Nemoto, Tomonari Fujita, Katsuyuki Hamasaki & Shuichi Kitada

  3. Fisheries Research Agency, 220-6115, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Hiroyuki Okouchi (Headquarters)

Authors
  1. Takuma Sugaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michihiro Sato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Emi Yokoyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuta Nemoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tomonari Fujita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hiroyuki Okouchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Katsuyuki Hamasaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Shuichi Kitada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuichi Kitada.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sugaya, T., Sato, M., Yokoyama, E. et al. Population genetic structure and variability of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in the stocking area along the Pacific coast of northern Japan. Fish Sci 74, 579–588 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01561.x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01561.x

Key Words

Search

Navigation