Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Interpreting Kenyan Science Teachers’ Views About the Effect of Student Learning Experiences on Their Teaching

  • Published:
Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Analysis of views from a select group of Kenyan science teachers regarding the effect of student learning experiences on their teaching after implementing a contextualized science unit revealed that the teachers’ (a) literal interpretation and adherence to the official curriculum conflicted with the students’ desires to understand scientific phenomena embedded within their local environment; (b) inability or ability to sustain students’ motivations for understanding science through the local environment, which depended on initial teacher preparation; and (c) implementation of the contextualized science reduced the gulf that often hindered free student-teacher dialogue due to the teachers’ endeavors to maintain science and science teacher statuses.

Résumé

À la suite de l’enseignement contextualisé d’une unité scientifique, l’analyse de l’opinion d’un groupe d’enseignants des sciences au Kenya quant à l’effet des expériences d’apprentissage de leurs étudiants sur leur enseignement, révèle que: (a) l’interprétation littérale et l’application stricte du curriculum officiel sont en contradiction avec la volonté des étudiants de comprendre les phénomènes scientifiques en tant que partie intégrante de leur environnement local; (b) la capacité ou l’incapacité de soutenir la motivation des étudiants lorsqu’il s’agit de comprendre les sciences dans un contexte local dépend du niveau de préparation des enseignants; et (c) la pratique d’un enseignement contextualisé des sciences réduit les difficultés qui entravent souvent le dialogue entre étudiants et professeurs en raison du fait que les enseignants de sciences veulent maintenir la différence de statut qui existe entre eux et leurs élèves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson, J. R., Reder, L. M., & Simon, H. A. (1996). Situated learning and education. Educational Researcher, 25(4), 5–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. R., Reder, L. M., & Simon, H. A. (1997). Situated versus cognitive perspectives: Form versus substance. Educational Researcher, 26(1), 18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson-Levitt, K. (2002). Teaching cultures: Knowledge for teaching first grade in France and the United States. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson-Levitt, K. (Ed.). (2003). Local meaning, global schooling: Anthropology and world culture theory. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, D. L., & Cohen, D. K. (1999). Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education. In L. Darling-Hammond & G. Sykes (Eds.), Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice (pp. 3–32). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beijaard, D. (1995). Teachers’ prior experiences and actual perceptions of professional identity. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 1, 281–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beijaard, D., Verloop, N., & Vermunt, J. D. (2000). Teachers’ perceptions of professional identity: An exploratory study from a personal knowledge perspective. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 749–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, D., & Watts, M. (Eds.). (1989). Learning and teaching school science: Practical alternatives. Milton Kaynes, England: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanton, L., Sindelar, P. T., Correa, V., Hardman, M., McDonnell, J., & Kuhel, K. (2003). Conceptions of beginning teacher quality: Models for conducting research (COPSSE Document No. RS-6). Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Center on Personnel Studies in Special Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. Educational Researcher, 33(8), 3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., & Felletti, G. (Eds.). (1997). The challenge of problem-based learning (2nd ed.). London, England: Kagan Page Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, P. (1994). Where is the mind? Constructivist and sociocultural perspectives on mathematical development. Educational Researcher, 23(7), 13–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daves, K. S., Morton, J. L., & Grace, M. (1990). Novice teachers: Do they use what we teach them? Reading Horizons, 30(2), 26–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B., & Simmt, E. (2003). Understanding learning systems: Mathematics education and complexity science. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 34(2), 137–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving impact studies of teachers’ professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher, 38(3), 181–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deters, P. (2011). Identity, agency and the acquisition of professional language and culture. London, England: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donahoe, T. (1993). Finding the way: Structure, time, and improvement. Phi Delta Kappan, 75(4), 298–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, G. G., Roehler, L. R., & Putnam, J. (1987). Putting the teacher in control: Basal reading textbooks and instructional decision making. Elementary School Journal, 87, 357–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elmore, R. F. (2002). Bridging the gap between standards and achievement. Washington, DC: The Albert Shanker Institute. Retrieved from hxxp://www.ashankerinst.org/downloads/Bridging_Gap.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth in crisis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feiman-Nemser, S. (2001). From preparation to practice: Designing a continuum to strengthen and sustain teaching. Teachers College Record, 103(6), 1013–1055.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finnan, C. (2000, April). Implementing school reform models: Why is it so hard for some schools and easy for others? Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service Number ED446356)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu, G., & Nashon, S. (2011, March). Implementing curricular and pedagogical reforms in Chinese schools: The case of collaborating physics teachers. Paper presented at INTED2011 Conference, Valencia, Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullan, M. (1991). The new meaning of educational change. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullan, M. G., & Hargreaves, A. (1996). What’s worth fighting for in your school? New York, NY: Teacher College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gachathi, F.(1976). Report of the national committee on educational objectives and policies. Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, J. J., & Tobin, K. G. (1991). Reporting interpretive research. In J. J. Gallagher (Ed.), Interpretive research in science education (NARST Monograph, No. 4, pp. 85–95). Manhattan: Kansas State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gearhart, M., & Wolf, S. A. (1994). Engaging teachers in assessment of their students’ writing: The role of subject matter knowledge. Assessing Writing, 1, 67–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodlad, J. (1984). A place called school. San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J. G. (1997). On claims that answer the wrong questions. Educational Researcher, 26(1), 5–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J. G., Collins, A. M., & Resnick, L. B. (1996). Cognition and learning. In D. C. Berliner & R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 15–46). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves, A. (1997). Cultures of teaching and educational change. In M. Fullan (Ed.), The challenge of school change: A collection of articles (pp. 47–68). Cheltenham, Australia: Hawker Brownlow Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrè, R., & Gillet, G. (1994). The discursive mind. London, England: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinde, E. R. (2004). School culture and change: An examination of the effects of school culture on the process of change. Essays in Education, 12, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodson, D., & Hodson, J. (1998). Science education as enculturation: Some implications for practice. School Science Review, 80(290), 17–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, D., Lachicotte, W., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (1998). Identity and agency in cultural worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hord, S. M. (1997). Professional learning communities: Communities of continuous inquiry and improvement. Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull, G. (1993). Hearing other voices: A critical assessment of popular views literacies and work. Harvard Education Review, 63(1), 20–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamunge, J. (1988). Report of the presidential working party on education and manpower development for the next decade and beyond. Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karweit, D. (1993). Contextual learning: A review and synthesis. Baltimore, MD: Center for the Social Organization of Schools, Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keriga, L., & Bujra, A. (1999). An evaluation and profile education in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Development Policy Management Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knamiller, G. W. (1984). The struggle for relevance in science education in developing countries. Studies in Science Education, 11, 60–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koech, D. (2000). The commission of inquiry into the education system of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kottler, J. (1997). What is really said in the teachers’ lounge: Provocative ideas about cultures and classrooms. Fullerton, CA: Corwin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozulin, A. (2003). Psychological tools and mediated learning. In A. Kozulin, B. Gindis, V. Ageyev, & S. Miller (Eds.), Vygotsky’s educational theory in cultural context (pp. 15–38). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lantoff, J. P. (2006). Conceptual knowledge and instructed second language learning: A sociocultural perspective. In. S. Fotos & H. Nassaji (Eds.). Form focused instruction and teacher education: Studies in honour of Rod Ellis (pp. 35–54). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasky, S. (2005). A socio-cultural approach to understanding teacher identity, agency and professional vulnerability in a context of secondary school reform. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 899–916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, S. (1996). Socio-cultural approaches to mathematics teaching and learning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 31(1-2), 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Little, J. W. (1987). Teachers as colleges. In V. Richardson-Kochler (Ed.), Educators’ handbook: A research perspective (pp. 491–518). New York, NY: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, J. W. (1999). Organizing schools for teacher learning. In L. Darling-Hammond & G. Sykes (Eds.), Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice (pp. 233–262). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, J. W. (2002). Locating learning in teachers’ communities of practice: Opening up problems of analysis in records off everyday work. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18, 917–946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, C. B. (1981). Second university in Kenya—Report of presidential working party. Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandzuk, D., Hasinoff, S., & Seifert, K. (2003). Inside a student cohort: Teacher education from a social capital perspective. Canadian Journal of Education, 28(1&2), 168–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzerella, J. A. (1980). Synthesis of research on staff development. Educational Leadership, 38, 182–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, M. W., & Talbert, J. E. (1993). New visions of teaching. In D. K. Cohen, M. W. McLaughlin, & J. E. Talbert (Eds.), Teaching for understanding (pp. 1–10). New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin, M. W., & Talbert, J. E. (2001). Professional communities and the work of high school teachers. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nashon, S. M. (2005). Reflections from pre-service science teachers on the status of physics 12 in British Columbia. Journal of Physics Teacher Education Online, 3(1), 25–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ominde, S. H. (1964a). Kenya Education Committee report, Part I. Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ominde, S. H. (1964b). Kenya Education Committee report, Part II. Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, K., & Deal, T. (1998). How leaders influence the culture of schools. Educational Leadership, 56(1), 28–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, A. C., Garet, M. S., Desimone, L. D., Yoon, K. S., & Birman, B. F. (2000). Does professional development change teaching practice? Results from a three-year study: Executive summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of the Undersecretary.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, L. (1987). Education and learning to think. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, H. J. (2002). Learners’ lives: A narrative analysis. The Qualitative Report, 7(3). Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR7-3/richmond.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salam, A., Mohamad, N., Siraj, H. H. H., Latif, A. A., Soelaiman, I. N., Omar, B. H., …, Moktar, N. (2009). Challenges of problem-based learning. South East Asian Journal of Medical Education, 3(2), 54–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schifter, D., & Fosnot, C. (1993). Reconstructing mathematics education: Stories of teachers meeting the challenge of reform. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwandt, T. (2003). Three epistemological stances for qualitative inquiry: Interpretive, hermeneutics, and social constructivism. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues (pp. 292–327). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, P.(1982). Some subjective reasons for teachers’ reliance oncommercial reading materials. The Reading Teacher, 35, 884–889.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sifuna, D. N., & Otiende, J. E. (2006). An introductory history of education. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spradley, J. (1979). The ethnographic interview. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake, R. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, M. K., Smith, M. S., & Silver, E. A. (1999). The development of professional developers: Learning to assist teachers in new settings in new ways. Harvard Educational Review, 69(3), 237–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuma, O. G. K. (1998). Science education in the African context. Nairobi, Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (1997, September). Under the sun or in the shade? Jua kali in African countries. Paper presented at National Policy Definition in Technical and Vocational Education: Beyond the Formal Sector. A Subregional Seminar for Eastern and Southern African Countries, Nairobi, Kenya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wayne, A. J., Yoon, K. S., Zhu, P., Cronen, S., & Garet, M. S. (2008). Experimenting with teacher professional development: Motives and methods. Educational Researcher, 37(8), 469–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wertsch, J. V. (1998). Mind as action. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, A. (1986). Over-programmed materials: Taking the teacher out of teaching. American Educator, 10(1), 26–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolnough, E. B., & Allsop, T. (1985). Practical work in science. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoloye, E. A. (1986). The relevance of educational content to national needs in Africa. International Review of Education, 42, 149–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 9, 1–6. Retrieved from http://eprints.utm.my/8221/1/ZZainal2007-Case_study_as_a_Research.pdf

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Samson Madera Nashon.

Additional information

The study was supported by funding from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada (Grant 15R8042).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nashon, S.M. Interpreting Kenyan Science Teachers’ Views About the Effect of Student Learning Experiences on Their Teaching. Can J Sci Math Techn 13, 213–231 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1080/14926156.2013.816391

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14926156.2013.816391

Navigation