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Transcriptional malfunctioning of heat shock protein gene expression in spinocerebellar ataxias

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Abstract

Among the various dominantly-inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), at least seven of them belong to the polyglutamine disease group and are caused by glutamine-coding CAG triplet repeat expansion. The expanded coding CAG repeat translates into a polyglutamine stretch in the disease protein, which leads to late-onset and progressive neurodegeneration. Expanded polyglutamine adopts a misfolded protein conformation, and is itself a cellular Stressor which induces robust heat shock response (HSR). Under polyglutamine stress, heat shock proteins (Hsps) are produced in neurons to assist refolding and/or promote the degradation of misfolded proteins. Along with the progressive nature of polyglutamine degeneration, a gradual decline of HSR in degenerating neurons was observed. Such kind of reduction can be observed in a large familyof hsp gene expression, includinghsp22, 26, 27, and70. This underscores an intimate relationship between the inducibility ofhsp gene expression and the disease progression. In this review, we describe the current understandings ofhsp gene dysregulation in polyglutamine disease.

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Abbreviations

DRPLA:

Dentatorubropallidoluysian Atrophy

HD:

Huntington’s disease

Hdj:

Human Dna J

Hsc:

Heat shock cognate

HSE:

Heat Shock Element

HSF:

Heat Shock Transcription Factor

Hsps:

heat shock proteins

MJD:

Machado-Joseph Disease

SCA:

Spinocerebellar Ataxia

TBP:

TATA-box binding protein

UPS:

ubiquitin-proteasome system

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Drosophila Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

    N. Y. Macy Huen, S. L. Alan Wong & H. Y. Edwin Chan

  2. Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

    N. Y. Macy Huen & H. Y. Edwin Chan

  3. Molecular Biotechnology Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China

    S. L. Alan Wong & H. Y. Edwin Chan

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  1. N. Y. Macy Huen
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Huen, N.Y.M., Wong, S.L.A. & Chan, H.Y.E. Transcriptional malfunctioning of heat shock protein gene expression in spinocerebellar ataxias. Cerebellum 6, 111–117 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1080/14734220600996480

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