Summary
Vegetatively propagated plantlets of six rose cultivars were induced to flower in vitro on media containing full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salts, Gamborg's B5 organic elements with 400 mg l−1 myo-inositol, and different phytohormone combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron (TDZ) with NAA; and zeatin (ZT) with NAA. The most efficient flower bud induction (49.1% and 44.1%) was obtained on media supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 (2.27 μM) TDZ and 0.1 mg l−1 (0.54 μM) NAA or 0.5 mg l−1 (2.28 μM) ZT and 0.1 mg l−1 (0.54 μM) NAA for cultivar Orange Parade. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that in vitro flower bud induction occurred mostly between 15 and 30 d in induction medium through the normal flower development processes. With TDZ and ZT as the best choice for flower induction in all six cultivars tested, different rose cultivars varied in their responses to phytohormone treatments. Our study also revealed that the total time from original culture and subculture time before flower induction were two very important factors for in vitro flower induction. Plantlets 156–561 d from original culture and subcultured for 45 d were the best for flower induction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bressan, P. H.; Kim, Y. J.; Hyndman, S. E.; Hasegawa, P. M.; Bressan, R. A. Factors affecting in vitro propagation of rose. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107:979–990; 1982.
Davies, D. R. Rapid propagation of roses in vitro. Sci. Hort. 13:385–389; 1980.
Demeulemeester, M. A. C.; DeProft, M. P. In vivo and in vitro flowering response of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.): influence of plant age and vernalization. Plant Cell Rep. 18:781–785; 1999.
Dickens, C. W. S.; Van Staden, J. The in vitro flowering of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poellniz. II. The effect of growing regulators and gallic acid. Plant Cell Physiol. 31:757–762; 1990.
Dobres, M.; Williams, L.; Gail, R. Micropropagation of rose plants. United States patent 5,843,782 December 1; 1998.
Douglas, G. C.; Rutledge, C. B.; Casey, A. D.; Richardson, D. H. S. Micropropagation of floribunda, ground cover and miniature roses. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 19:55–64; 1989.
Duan, J. X.; Yazawa, S. Floral induction and development in Phalaenopsis in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 43:71–74; 1995.
Fujioka, S.; Sakurai, A. Effect of L-pipecolic acid on flowering in Lemna paucicostata and Lemna gibba. Plant Cell Physiol. 33:419–426; 1992.
Gamborg, O. L.; Miller, R. A.; Ojima, K. Nutrient requirement of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp. Cell Res. 50:151–158; 1968.
Hasegawa, P. M. Factors affecting shoot and root initiation from cultured rose shoot tips. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105:216–220; 1980.
Heylen, C.; Vendrig, J. C. The influence of different cytokinins and auxins on flower neoformation in thin cell layers of Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Cell Physiol. 29:665–671; 1988.
Ishioka, N.; Tanimoto, S.; Harada, H. Roles of nitrogen and carbohydrate in floral-bud formation in Pharbitis apex cultures. J. Plant Physiol. 138:573–576; 1991.
Jumin, H. B.; Ahmad, M. High-frequency in vitro flowering of Murraya paniculata (L). Jack. Plant Cell Rep. 18:764–768; 1999.
Jumin, H. B.; Nito, N. In vitro flowering of Fortunella hindsii (Champ.). Plant Cell Rep. 15:484–488; 1996.
Kostenyuk, I.; Oh, B. J.; So, I. S. Induction of early flowering in Cymbidium niveo-marginatum Mak in vitro. Plant Cell Rep. 19:1–5; 1999.
Luo, P.; Ye, Q.; Lan, Z. Q. A study on floral biology of seedlings in vitro in Orychophragmus violaceus: induction of flowers in seedlings of O. violaceus cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult. 63:73–75; 2000.
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473–497; 1962.
Tanimoto, S.; Harada, H. Effects of IAA, zeatin, ammonium nitrate and sucrose on the initiation and development of floral buds in Torenia stem segments cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Physiol. 22:1553–1560; 1981.
Wang, G. Y.; Xu, Z. H.; Chia, T. F.; Chua, N. H. In vitro flowering of Dendrobium candidum. Science in China (Series C) 27:229–234; 1997 (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, G.Y., Yuan, M.F. & Hong, Y. In vitro flower induction in roses. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol -Plant 38, 513–518 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002340
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2002340