Abstract
A phylogeny of least sac-winged bats (Balantiopteryx) was constructed from morphological data, and molecular data derived from mapped restriction cleavage sites of the 2,400 base pair mtDNA gene region including ND3, ND4L, and ND4. Separate and combined phylogenetic analyses each gave single most-parsimonious solutions with a well supported topology of (B. plicata, (B. io, B. infusca)). Incorporating current distribution patterns and habitat preferences with our phylogeny and estimates of divergence suggests that speciation within Balantiopteryx occurred in the Late Miocene prior to the establishment of the Isthmian Link between South and North America. Based on the premise that the genus arose in insular South America, we hypothesize that ancestral Balantiopteryx dispersed overwater to Middle America and that B. plicata subsequently diverged in the dry Pacific versant of Middle America after tectonic uplifting. B. io and B. infusca subsequently speciated allopatrically in the wet Atlantic versant of southern Mexico and northern Central America, and in the Pacific versant of southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, respectively, prior to the present land connection between North and South America.
Zusammenfassung
Eine Phylogenie der kleinen Sackflügelfledermäuse (Balantiopteryx) wurde an Hand von morphologischen sowie molekularen Daten erstellt. Der molekulare Datensatz bestand aus kartierten Restriktionsschnittstellen der mtDNA-Genregion (2,400 Basenpaare einschließlich von ND3, ND4 l und ND4). Sowohl getrennte als auch gemeinsame phylogenetische Analysen ergaben jeweils eine einzige parsimone Lösung mit folgender, gut unterstützter Topologie: (B. plicata, (B. io, B. infusca)). Berücksichtigt man die gegenwärtigen Verbreitungsmuster und Habitatpräferenzen in unserer Phylogenie sowie Abschätzungen der Divergenz, so legt dies nahe, daß die Artbildung von Balantiopteryx im späten Miozän vor der Entstehung der Isthmusverbindung zwischen Süd- und Nordamerika erfolgte. Ausgehend von der Annahme, daß die Gattung in Südamerika vor der Kontinentalverbindung entstand, stellen wir die Hypothese auf, daß sich ursprüngliche Balantiopteryx über Wasser nach Mittelamerika ausbreiteten und daß in Folge tektonischer Auffaltung B. plicata entlang der trockenen, pazifischen Abhänge von Mittelamerika evolvierte. Die beiden anderen Arten entstanden anschließend vor der heutigen Landverbindung zwischen Nord- und Südamerika in Allopatrie: B. io entlang der feuchten, atlantischen Abhänge des südlichen Mexiko und des nördlichen Mittelamerika sowie B. infusca entlang der pazifischen Abhänge des südwestlichen Kolumbien und nordwestlichen Ekuador.
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Lim, B.K., Engstrom, M.D., Simmons, N.B. et al. Phylogenetics and biogeography of least sac-winged bats (Balantiopteryx) based on morphological and molecular data. Mamm Biol 69, 225–237 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00139
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00139