Skip to main content
Log in

Seasonal food habits of the endangered long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera): the effect of precipitation

Saisonale Ernährungsgewohnheiten des gefährdeten Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera): Der Effekt von Niederschlag

  • Original investigation
  • Published:
Mammalian Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Based on the content of feces, we studied the food habits of the endangered rodent Chinchitta lanigera. On a seasonal basis, during two years of contrasting rain levels (1992 = 242 mm; 1993 = 123 mm), we collected chinchilla feces from El Cuyano ravine, adjacent to the Chinchilla National Reserve in north central Chile (31° 29′10.8t” S, 71°03′43.9t” W). The main plant species eaten was the perennial graminoid Nassetta chilensis. Chinchillas showed a broader trophic niche during the rainy year, than during the dry year, consuming 55.5 and 40.7% of the 38 and 27 plants available, respectively. Within the wet year the diet differed less between winter and summer (Horn similarity index R0 = 0.58) than within the dry year (R0 = 0.83). Between years, the diet differed more during winters (R0 = 0.20) than during summers (R0 = 0.52). Chinchillas are folivorous, using a feeding pattern of a generalist species. The opportunistic feeding behavior of chinchillas may be an adaptation to the harsh conditions and high variability in food availability triggered by fluctuations in rainfall among years in the arid north central Chile.

Zusammenfassung

Anhand der Zusammensetzung von Kotproben studierten wir die Ernährungsgewohnheiten des gefährdeten Nagers Chinchilla lanigera. In zwei Jahren unterschiedlicher Niederschlagshäufigkeit (1992: 242 mm; 1993: 123 mm) sammelten wir in verschiedenen Jahreszeiten Chinchilla-Kotproben in der El Cuyano-Schlucht, die an das Chinchilla-National-Reservat im nördlichen Zentral-Chile (31° 29′10.8″ S, 71° 03′43,9″ W) angrenzt. Die wesentliche Futterpflanze ist die mehrjährige Gramineen-Art Nassella chilensis. Chinchillas zeigten während des niederschlagsreicheren Jahres eine weitere trophische Nische als während des Trockenjahres. Beobachtet wurden die Nutzung von 55,5% bzw. 40,7% von jeweils 38 bzw. 27 verfügbaren Pflanzen. Während des niederschlagsreicheren Jahres variierte die Nahrungszusammensetzung zwischen Winter und Sommer weniger (Horn-Index R0 = 0,58) als während des Trockenjahres (R0 = 0,83). Im mehrjährigen Vergleich sind größere Unterschiede im Winter (R0 = 0,20) als im Sommer (R0 = 0,52) zu beobachten. Chinchillas sind herbivore Generalisten, deren opportunistische Ernährungsgewohnheiten als Anpassung an die Aridität und die niederschlagsbedingten Änderungen im Nahrungsangebot im nördlichen Zentral-Chile zu deuten sind.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baumgartner, L. L.; Martin, A. C. (1939): Plant histology as an aid in squirrel food-habit studies. J. Wildlife Manage. 3, 266–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brower, J. E.; Zar, J. H. (1984): Field and La-boratory Methods for General Ecology. Dubuque, Iowa: W. C. Brown Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuentes, E. R.; Hajek, E. R.; Espinoza, G. (1988): Same consequences of rainfall variability for mediterranean-type ecosystems in Chile. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mediterranean Ecosystems: time scales and water stress. Ed. by F. Di Castri, C. Floret, S. Rambal, and J. Roy. Paris: Internat. Union Biol. Sci. Pp. 342–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gajardo, R. (1978): Antecedentes preliminares para la determinación de la comunidades vegetales presentes en Aucó. (Ilapel, IV Región). Ciencias Forestales (Chile) 1, 19–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, J. R.; Meserve, R. L.; Herrera, S.; Contreras, L. C.; Jaksic, F. (1997): Effects of small mammals and vertebrate predators on vegetation in the Chilean semiarid zone. Oecologia 109, 398–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hajek, E. R.; di Castri, F. (1976): Bioclimatografía de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Dirección de investigación de la vice-rectoría académica, Universidad Católica de Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, H. S. (1966): Measurement of “overlap” in comparative ecological studies. Am. Nat. 100, 419–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, J. (1990): Bases biológicas para la conservación y el manejo de la chinchilla chilena silvestre. Proyecto conservacicón de la chinchilla chilena (Chinchilla lanigera). CO-NAF-WWF 1297. Final report, March 1987-February 1990. CONAF IV Región, Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, J. E. (1994): Overuse and endangerment of wildlife: the case of Chilean mammals. Medio Ambiente (Chile) 12, 102–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, J. E. (1995): Conservation of the last wild chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) archipelago: a metapopulation approach. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 4, 89–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, J. E. (1996): The extirpation and current status of wild chinchillas Chinchilla lanigera and C brevicaudata. Biol. Conserv. 77, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez, J. E.; Feinsinger, P.; Jaksic, F. M. (1992): Spatiotemporal patterns of an irruption and decline of small mammals in northcentral Chile. J. Mammalogy 73, 356–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meserve, P. L. (1976): Food relationships of rodent fauna in a California coastal sage scrub community. J. Mammalogy 57, 300–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohlis, C. (1983): Información preliminar sobre la conservación y manejo de la chinchilla silvestre en Chile. Boletín Técnico No. 3, Corporación Nacional Forestal, Santiago, Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serra, M. T. (1979): Composición botanica y variación estacional de la alimentación de Chinchilla lanigera en condiciones naturales. Ciencias Forestales (Chile) 1, 11–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, C. E.; Weaver, W. (1949): The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, D. R.; Malechek, J. C. (1968): Estimating percentage dry weight in diets using a microscopic technique. J. Range Manage. 21, 264–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veloso, C.; Bozinovic, F. (1993): Dietary and digestive canstraints on basal energy metabolism in a small herbivorous rodent. Ecology 74, 2003–2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. E. Jiménez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cortés, A., Miranda, E. & Jiménez, J.E. Seasonal food habits of the endangered long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera): the effect of precipitation. Mamm Biol 67, 167–175 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00024

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1078/1616-5047-00024

Key words

Navigation