Abstract
Foliar application of a benzothiadiazole (BTH), as Bion WG50 (50 mg active ingredient/mL), to glasshouse-grown Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines caused a significant reduction in egg deposition by root-knot nematodes in 10-week-old plants. No change in the number of nematodes in roots of treated grapevines was observed 3 days after inoculation, but fewer mature nematodes were recorded after a further 18 days. BTH was not toxic to the juvenile nematodes in vitro. The activity of β-1,3-glucanase increased in the leaves of BTH-treated grapevines at 7 and 28 days, and increased slightly and transiently in the roots at 5 days after foliar application. The results are interpreted as indicating the activation of systemic resistance to nematode development in the roots.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Ali Z, Smith I, Guest D (2000) Combinations of potassium phosphonate and Bion (acibenzolar-S-methyl) reduce root infection and dieback of Pinus radiata, Banksia integrifolia and Isopogon cuneatus caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Australasian Plant Pathology 29, 59–63.
Benhamou N, Belange RR (1998a) Induction of systemic resistance to Pythium damping-off in cucumber plants by benzothiadiazole: ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the host response. The Plant Journal 14, 13–21.
Benhamou N, Belanger RR (1998b) Benzothiadiazole-mediated induced resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in tomato. Plant Physiology 118, 1203–1212.
Busam G, Junghanns KT, Kneusel RE, Kassemeyer H-H, Matern U (1997a) Characterisation and expression of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase proposed for the induced resistance response of Vitis vinifera L. Plant Physiology 115, 1039–1048.
Busam G, Kassemeyer H-H, Matern U (1997b) Differential expression of chitinases in Vitis vinifera L. responding to systemic acquired resistance activators or fungal challenge. Plant Physiology 115, 1029–1038.
Byrd DW, Kirkpatrick T, Barker KR (1983) An improved technique for clearing and staining plant tissues for detection of nematodes. Journal of Nematology 15, 142–143.
Dann EK, Meuwly P, Métraux J-P, Deverall BJ (1996) The effect of pathogen inoculation or chemical treatment on activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase and accumulation of salicylic acid in leaves of green bean plant, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 49, 307–319.
Doncaster CC (1962) A counting dish for nematodes. Nematologica 7, 334–337.
Friedrich L, Lawton K, Ruess W, Masner P, Specker N, Gut Rella M, Meier B, Dincher S, Staub T, Uknes S, Métraux J-P, Kessmann H, Ryals J (1996) A benzothiadiazole derivative induces systemic acquired resistance in tobacco. The Plant Journal 10, 61–70.
Giannakis C, Bucheli CS, Skene KGM, Robinson SP, Steele SN (1998) Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in grapevine leaves, a possible defence against powdery mildew infection. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 4, 14–22.
Görlach J, Volrath S, Knauf-Beiter G, Hengy G, Beckhove U, Kogel K-H, Oostendorp M, Staub T, Ward E, Kessmann H, Ryals J (1996) Benzothiadiazole, a novel class of inducers of systemic acquired resistance, activates gene expression and disease resistance in wheat. The Plant Cell 8, 629–643.
Grundler FW, Böckenhoff A (1997) Physiology of nematode feeding and feeding sites. In ‘Cellular and molecular aspects of plant-nematode interactions’. (Eds C Fenoll, FMW Grundler, S Ohl) pp. 107–119. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht)
Hasky-Günther K, Hoffmann-Hertgarten S, Sikora RA (1998) Resistance against the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida systemically induced by the rhizobacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter (G12) and Bacillus sphaericus (B43). Fundamentals of Applied Nematology 21, 511–517.
Heller W, Gessler C (1986) Induced systemic resistance in tomato plants against Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 116, 323–328.
Hussey RS (1985) Host-parasite relationships and associated physiological changes. In ‘An advanced treatise on Meloidogyne. Volume I. Biology and control’. (Eds JN Sasser, CC Carter) pp. 144–174. (North Carolina State University Graphics: North Carolina)
Hussey RS, Barker KR (1973) A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp. including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter 57, 1025–1028.
Jensen BD, Latunde-Dada AO, Hudson D, Lucas JA (1998) Protection of Brassica seedlings against downy mildew and damping-off by seed treatment with CGA 245704, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. Pesticide Science 52, 63–69.
Karban R, English-Loeb GM (1990) A vaccination of williamette spider mites (Acari, Tetranychidae) to prevent large populations of pacific spider mites on grapevines. Journal of Economic Entomology 83, 2252–2257.
Kempster VN, Davies KA, Scott ES (2001) Chemical and biological induction of resistance to the clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) in white clover (Trifolium repens). Nematology 3, 35–45.
Kessmann H, Staub T, Hofmann C, Maetzke T, Herzog, J, Ward E, Uknes S, Ryals J (1994) Induction of systemic acquired resistance in plants by chemicals. Annual Review of Phytopathology 32, 439–459.
Kogel K-H, Beckhove V, Dreschers J, Münch S, Rommé Y (1994) Acquired resistance in barley. The resistance mechanism induced by 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid is a phenocopy of a genetically based mechanism governing race-specific powdery mildew resistance. Plant Physiology 106, 1269–1277.
Kuc J (1982) Induced immunity to plant disease. Bioscience 32, 854–860.
Kunz W, Schurter R, Maetzke T (1997) The chemistry of benzothiadiazole plant activators. Pesticide Science 50, 275–282.
Lawton K, Friedrich L, Hunt M, Weymann K, Delaney T, Kessmann H, Staub T, Ryals J (1996) Benzothiadiazole induces disease resistance in Arabidopsis by activation of the systemic acquired resistance signal transduction pathway. The Plant Journal 10, 71–82.
Marks RJ, McKenna LA (1981) A simple procedure for the efficient estimation of potato cyst nematode larvae in lactophenol-treated roots. Annals of Applied Biology 97, 323–324.
May A (1994) ‘Using grapevine rootstocks, the Australian perspective.’ (Winetitles: Adelaide)
Novartis (1997) ‘Nature created the concept.’ (Novartis Crop Protection AG: Basle)
Ogallo JL, McClure MA (1996) Systemic acquired resistance and susceptibility to root-knot nematodes in tomato. Phytopathology 86, 498–501.
Renault A-S, Deloire A, Bierne J (1996) Pathogenesis-related proteins in grapevines induced by salicylic acid and Botrytis cinerea. Vitis 35, 49–52.
Ruess W, Kunz W, Staub T, Muller K, Poppinger N, Splech J, Ahl Goy P (1995) Plant activator CGA 245704. A new technology for disease management. Supplement to the European Journal of Plant Pathology 101, 424.
Schöenbeck F, Dehne H-W, Balder H (1982) The efficiency of induced resistance under practical culture conditions. 1. Powdery mildew of grape, cucumber and wheat. Journal of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection 89, 177–184.
Sharma P, Borja D, Stougaard P, Lönneborg A (1993) PR-proteins accumulating in spruce roots infected with a pathogenic Pythium sp. isolate include chitinases, chitosanases and β-1,3-glucanases. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 43, 57–67.
Steel R, Torrie J (1960) ‘Principles and procedures of statistics.’ (McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.: New York)
Sticher L, Mauch-Mani B, Métraux JP (1997) Systemic acquired resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 35, 235–270.
Stirling GR (1976) Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in South Australian vineyards. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 16, 588–591.
Strömberg A, Brishammar S (1993) A histological evaluation of induced resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in potato leaves. Journal of Phytopathology 137, 15–25.
Van Loon LC (1997) Induced resistance in plants and the role of pathogenesis-related proteins. European Journal of Plant Pathology 103, 753–765.
von Mende N (1997) Invasion and migration behaviour of sedentary nematodes. In ‘Cellular and molecular aspects of plant-nematode interactions’. (Eds C Fenoll, FMW Grundler, S Ohl) pp. 51–64. (Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht)
Walker G (1992) Root health of grapevines from the nursery, new threats and old pests. The Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker 345, 55–56.
Walker G, Grandison G (1994) Nematodes. In ‘Diseases and pests, grape production’. Series No. 1. (Eds P Nicholas, P Magarey, M Wachtel) pp. 40–43. (Winetitles: Adelaide)
Ward E, Uknes S, Williams S, Dincher D, Wiederhold D, Alexander D, Ahl Goy P, Métraux J-P, Ryals J (1991) Co-ordinate gene activity in response to agents that induce systemic acquired resistance. Plant Cell 3, 1085–1094.
Wyss U, Grundler F, Munch A (1992) The parasitic behaviour of second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nematologica 38, 98–111.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Owen, K.J., Green, C.D. & Deverall, B.J. A benzothiadiazole applied to foliage reduces development and egg deposition by Meloidogyne spp. in glasshouse-grown grapevine roots. Australasian Plant Pathology 31, 47–53 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1071/AP01068
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AP01068