Abstract
Shortly after the 1943 Detroit race riot, white men in analysis with the Viennese-American psychoanalyst Richard Sterba began to report dreams about beheading, hunting, and aborting black people. Sterba interpreted their dreams as symptomatic expressions of repressed fratricidal and patricidal wishes that animated the Jim Crow system of racial segregation and fueled antiblack violence. This paper reconsiders Sterba’s interpretations by tracking how the dreams’ metaphoric and metonymic constructions disrupt the cultural meanings of race, gender, and sexuality. Read in the broader political context of the 1940s, racism emerges as a volatile signifier for the impossibility of liberal democracy and the irreducibility of sexual difference.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balibar, E. (1991/2011) Racism and nationalism. In: E. Balibar and I. Wallerstein (eds.) Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. London: Verso, pp. 37–67.
Collins, P.H. (2000) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
Fanon, F. (1967/2008) Black Skin, White Masks. Translated by C.L. Markmann. London: Pluto Press.
Fredrickson, G.M. (2002) Racism: A Short History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Freud, S. (1908/1959) On the sexual theories of children. Standard Edition 9. London: Hogarth Press, pp. 205–226.
Freud, S. (1919/1955) ‘A child is being beaten’: a contribution to the study of the origin of the sexual perversions. Standard Edition 17. London: Hogarth Press, pp. 175–204.
George, S. (2016) Trauma and Race: A Lacanian Study of African American Racial Identity. Waco: Baylor University Press.
Grosz, E. (1990) Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction. New York: Routledge.
Hall, J.D. (2005) The long civil rights movement and the political uses of the past. The Journal of American History 91(4): 1233–1263.
Hyman, M. and Swan, G. (1994) The Michigan Society for Psychoanalytic Psychology: a brief history. In: R.C. Lane and M. Meisels (eds.) A History of the Division of Psychoanalysis of the American Psychological Association. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, pp. 256–260.
Lacan, J. (1997) The Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book III. The Psychoses, 1955–1956. Translated by R. Grigg. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Lacan, J. (2006) The instance of the letter in the unconscious, or reason since Freud. In: Écrits. Translated by B. Fink. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, pp. 412–441.
MacCannell, J.F. (1991) The Regime of the Brother: After the Patriarchy. New York: Routledge.
Mannoni, O. (1966) Decolonisation of myself. Race 7(4): 327–335.
Marable, M. (1984) Race, Reform and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945–1982. London: The Macmillan Press.
Memmi, A. (2000) Racism. Translated by S. Martinot. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Miller, J.-A. (1991/2014) The analytic experience: means, ends, and results. In: E. Ragland-Sullivan and M. Bracher (eds.) Lacan and the Subject of Language. New York: Routledge, pp. 83–99.
Miller, J.-A. (2011) The non-existent seminar. Symptom 12. http://www.lacan.com/symptom12/the-non.html, accessed 31 May 2019.
Morrison, T. (1992) Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. New York: Vintage Books.
Pluth, E. (2007) Signifiers and Acts: Theory in Lacan’s Theory of the Subject. Albany: SUNY Press.
Seshadri-Crooks, K. (2000) Desiring Whiteness: A Lacanian Analysis of Race. New York: Routledge.
Sitkoff, H. (2010) The Detroit race riot of 1943. In: H. Sitkoff (ed.) Toward Freedom Land: The Long Struggle for Racial Equality in America. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, pp. 43–64.
Sterba, R. (1947) Some psychological factors in Negro race hatred and in anti-Negro riots. Psychoanalysis and the Social Sciences 1: 411–427.
Sterba, R. (1982) Reminiscences of a Viennese Psychoanalyst. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
White, W. and Marshall, T. (1943) What Caused the Detroit Riot? New York: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This statement is to confirm that the enclosed manuscript does not include any third party material subject to copyright or ownership rights.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chamberlin, C. Racism is structured as a language: Sexual difference and the 1943 Detroit race riot. Psychoanal Cult Soc 24, 239–259 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41282-019-00129-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41282-019-00129-5