Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Fast facts: diseases and death; 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/Tob/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/index.htm.
Wynder EL, Graham EA. Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma. JAMA. 1950;143:329–36.
Article
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Media Centre. Tobacco fact sheet; 2017. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/. Accessed 24 Jan 2018.
United States v. Philip Morris Inc., Civil Action No. 99-CV-02496GK (D.D.C.) Memorandum opinion 2002.
National Cancer Institute. The role of the media in promoting and reducing tobacco use. Tobacco Control Monograph 19. Bethesda, MD: USDHHS, June 2008.
Pierce JP, Choi WS, Gilpin EA, Farkas AJ, Berry CC. Tobacco industry promotion of cigarettes and adolescent smoking. JAMA. 1998;279:511–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Heckman JJ, Flyer F, Loughlin C. An assessment of causal inference in smoking initiation research and a framework for future research. Econ Inq. 2008;46:37–44.
Article
Google Scholar
Moodie C, Ford A, Mackintosh AM, Hastings G. Young people’s perceptions of cigarette packaging and plain packaging: an online survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;14:98–105.
Article
Google Scholar
Truth Initiative. What do tobacco advertising restrictions look like today?; 2017. https://truthinitiative.org/news/what-do-Tob-advertising-restrictions-look-today. Accessed 24 Jan 2018.
Kann L, McManus T, Harris WA, et al. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, US, 2015. MMWR. 2016;65:1–174.
Article
Google Scholar
Arrazola RA, Singh T, Corey CG, et al. Tobacco use among middle and high school students, US, 2011–14. MMWR. 2015;64:381–5.
Google Scholar
US Department of Health & Human Services. E-cigarette use among youth and young adults. A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: USDHHS; 2016. https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_sgr_full_report_non-508.pdf.
Rubinstein ML, Delucchi K, Benowitz NL, Ramo DE. Adolescent exposure to toxic volatile organic chemicals from e-cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2018;141(4):e20173557.
Article
Google Scholar
Primack BA, Soneji S, Stoolmiller M, Fine MJ, Sargent JD. Progression to traditional cigarette smoking after electronic cigarette use among U.S. adolescents and young adults. JAMA. Pediatrics. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1742.
Google Scholar
Westling E, Rusby JC, Crowley R, Light JM. Electronic cigarette use by youth: Prevalence, correlates, and use trajectories from middle to high school. J Adol Health. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.12.019.
Glantz SA, Bareham DW. E-Cigarettes: use, effects on smoking, risks, and policy implications. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757.
Google Scholar
Collins L, Glasser AM, Abudayyeh H, Pearson JL, Villanti AC. E-cigarette marketing and communication: how E-cigarette companies market e-cigarettes and the public engages with e-cigarette information. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx284.
Google Scholar
Duke JC, Lee YO, Kim AE, Watson KA, Arnold KY, Nonnemaker JM, Porter L. Exposure to electronic cigarette television advertisements among youth and young adults. Pediatrics. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0269.
Google Scholar
Kim AE, Arnold KY, Makarenko O. E-cigarette advertising expenditures in the U.S. 2011–12. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46:409–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Dai H, Hao J. Exposure to advertisements and susceptibility to electronic cigarette use among youth. J Adolesc Health. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.013.
Google Scholar
Farrelly MC, Duke JC, Crankshaw EC, Eggers ME, Lee YO, Nonnemaker JM, Kim AE, Porter L. A randomized trial of the effect of e-cigarette TV advertisements on intentions to use e-cigarettes. Am J Prev Med. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.010.
Google Scholar
Pitkänen T, Lyyra A-L, Pulkkinen L. Age of onset of drinking and the use of alcohol in adulthood: a follow-up study from age 8–42 for females and males. Addict. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01053.x.
Google Scholar
Hingson RW, Zha W. Age of drinking onset, alcohol use disorders, frequent heavy drinking, and unintentionally injuring oneself and others after drinking. Pediatrics. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2176.
Google Scholar
USCDC. Youth exposure to alcohol advertising on television, 25 markets, US, 2010. MMWR. 2013;62:877–80.
Google Scholar
Federal Trade Commission. Self-regulation in the alcohol industry. Washington DC: FTC; 2014.
Google Scholar
Noel JK, Babor TF, Robaina K. Industry self-regulation of alcohol marketing: a systematic review of content and exposure research. Addiction. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13410.
Google Scholar
Ross CS, Ostroff J, Jernigan DH. Evidence of underage targeting of alcohol advertising on television in the United States: lessons from the Lockyer v. Reynolds decisions. J Public Health Policy. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2013.52.
Google Scholar
Siegel M, Kurland RP, Castrini M, Morse C, de Groot A, Retamozo C, Roberts SP, Ross CS, Jernigan DH. Potential youth exposure to alcohol advertising on the internet: a study of internet versions of popular television programs. J Subst Use. 2016. https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2015.1029023.
Google Scholar
Foster SE, Vaughan RD, Foster WH, Califano JA. Estimate of the commercial value of underage drinking and adult abusive and dependent drinking to the alcohol industry. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.5.473.
Google Scholar
Grube JW, Waiters E. Alcohol in the media: content and effects on drinking beliefs and behaviors among youth. Adolesc Med Clin. 2005;16:327–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Ross CS, Maple E, Siegel M, DeJong W, Naimi TS, Ostroff J, Padon AA, Borzekowski DL, Jernigan DH. The relationship between brand-specific alcohol advertising on television and brand-specific consumption among underage youth. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12488.
Google Scholar
Van den Bulck J, Beullens K. Television and music video exposure and adolescent alcohol use while going out. Alcohol Alcohol. 2005;40:249–53.
Article
Google Scholar
Compton WM, Jones CM, Baldwin GT. Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use. N Engl J Med. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1508490.
Google Scholar
Hedegaard H, Warner M, Miniño AM. Drug overdose deaths in the US, 1999–2015. USDHHS; 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db294.htm. Accessed 25 Mar 2018.
Keefe PR. The family that built an empire of pain. The New Yorker, October 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain. Accessed 10 Apr 2018.
Kasza KA, Hyland AJ, Brown A, Siahpush M, Yong HH, McNeill AD, Li L, Cummings KM. The effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations on reducing smokers’ exposure to advertising and promotion: findings from the ITC Four Country Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8020321.
Google Scholar
Saffer H, Chaloupka F. The effect of advertising bans on tobacco consumption. J Health Econ. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(00)00054-0.
Google Scholar
Brien SE, Ronksley PE, Turner BJ, Mukamal KJ, Ghali WA. Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. BMJ. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d636.
Google Scholar
National Public Radio. 15 years later, where did all the cigarette money go? October 13, 2013. https://www.npr.org/2013/10/13/233449505/15-years-later-where-did-all-the-cigarette-money-go. Accessed 20 Jul 2018.
Maloney J, Chaudhuri S. Against all odds, the U.S. tobacco industry is rolling in money. Wall Street Journal; 2017. https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-tobacco-industry-rebounds-from-its-near-death-experience-1492968698. Accessed 15 Aug 2018.