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Keeping it within bounds: Regression analysis of proportions in international business

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Abstract

International business researchers commonly estimate proportions, percentages, rates, or fractions – so-called “proportional dependent variables”. In this paper, we posit that two regression strategies are particularly pertinent to the international business field: Tobit and fractional regression. Reviewing recent international business research, we find that, while fractional regression is rarely used, analyses from Tobit regression are often incomplete or erroneously interpreted with consequences for the validity of the reported results. Accordingly, we clarify how researchers should choose between Tobit and fractional regression and interpret their results. We present insights based on simple simulations and data examples with associated Stata code and a decision tree for choosing between types of models for use with proportional dependent variables.

French

Les chercheurs en international business estiment généralement des proportions, des pourcentages, des taux ou des fractions, appelés « variables dépendantes proportionnelles ». Dans cet article, nous postulons que deux stratégies de régression sont particulièrement pertinentes dans le domaine de l’international business: la régression Tobit et la régression fractionnelle. En examinant des recherches récentes en international business, nous constatons que, bien que la régression fractionnelle soit rarement utilisée, les analyses de la régression Tobit sont souvent incomplètes ou interprétées de façon erronée, avec des conséquences sur la validité des résultats rapportés. En conséquence, nous clarifions la manière dont les chercheurs devraient choisir entre la régression Tobit et la régression fractionnelle et interprétons leurs résultats. Nous présentons des éclairages fondés sur des simulations simples et des exemples de données avec le code Stata associé et un arbre de décision pour choisir entre les types de modèles à utiliser avec des variables dépendantes proportionnelles.

Spanish

Los investigadores de negocios internacionales comúnmente estiman proporciones, porcentajes, tasas, o fracciones, las llamadas “variables dependientes proporcionales”. En este articulo, planteamos que dos estrategias de regresión son particularmente relevantes para el campo de negocios internacionales: Tobit y la regresión fraccional. Revisando la investigación reciente en negocios internacionales, encontramos que, mientras que la regresión fraccional es raramente usada, los análisis de modelos de regresión Tobit son con frecuencia incompletos o interpretados erróneamente con consecuencias para la validez de los estudios reportados. Por consiguiente, clarificamos como los investigadores deben escoger entre Tobit y la regresión fraccional e interpretar sus resultados. Presentamos aportes basados en simulaciones simples y ejemplos de datos con el código Stata asociado y un árbol de decisión para escoger entre tipos de modelos para usar con variables dependientes proporcionales.

Portuguese

Pesquisadores de negócios internacionais geralmente estimam proporções, porcentagens, taxas ou frações - as chamadas “variáveis dependentes proporcionais”. Neste artigo, postulamos que duas estratégias de regressão são particularmente pertinentes ao campo de negócios internacionais: Tobit e regressão fracionária. Revendo pesquisas recentes de negócios internacionais, descobrimos que, embora a regressão fracionária raramente seja usada, análises da regressão Tobit são muitas vezes incompletas ou erroneamente interpretadas com consequências para a validade dos resultados relatados. Assim, esclarecemos como pesquisadores devem escolher entre Tobit e regressão fracionária e interpretar seus resultados. Apresentamos insights com base em simulações simples e exemplos de dados com o código Stata associado e uma árvore de decisão para escolher entre os tipos de modelos para uso com variáveis dependentes proporcionais.

Chinese

国际商务研究人员通常会估算比例、百分比、比率或分数,即所谓的“比例因变量”。在本文中, 我们假设两种回归策略与国际商务领域特别相关:Tobit和分数回归。综述最近的国际商务研究, 我们发现, 虽然分数回归很少被使用, 但Tobit回归分析通常被不完整地或被错误地解释, 从而影响了所报告结果的有效性。因此, 我们阐明了研究人员应如何在Tobit和分数回归之间进行选择并解读其结果。基于简单的仿真和带有关联Stata代码的数据示例以及用于在与比例因变量一起使用的模型类型之间进行选择的决策树, 我们提出了洞解。

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Correspondence to Jesper N Wulff.

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Accepted by Tailan Chi, Area Editor, 30 September 2019. This article has been with the authors for four revisions.

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Wulff, J.N., Villadsen, A.R. Keeping it within bounds: Regression analysis of proportions in international business. J Int Bus Stud 51, 244–262 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00278-w

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