Cues, Needs and Decisions: A ‘Lens’ Model of Security Operations

Abstract

Following from an empirical study, a ‘double lens’ model of security operations and the influences shaping them is proposed. Factors related to the ‘objective’ need for security are depicted in the left-hand lens. These are viewed as ‘cues’ which indicate the potential for criminal or other undesired events to potential perpetrators. The right-hand lens is concerned with cues that influence ‘subjective’ need, as perceived by managers and other stakeholders in the organisation. The effectiveness of a security operation then depends upon the extent to which its members are aware of those cues to which criminals, on the one hand, and stakeholders, on the other, are sensitive. These two sets of cues effectively act as the lenses through which the overall need for security is perceived. It is proposed that the need for security be understood by identifying and quantifying the influence of these cues. The model circumvents the problems involved in dealing with the absence of outcome data where security or deterrence has been successful by concentrating on the potential for events as indicated by the presence of various cues. Ways of seeking and incorporating empirical data are suggested. The potential impact on and benefits to the management of security operations are discussed.