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Dimensions, Determinants, and Differences in the Expatriate Adjustment Process

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Abstract

We comprehensively test the Black, Mendenhall, and Oddou (1991) model of the dimensions and determinants of adjustment to international assignments. We also expand the model to examine two individual factors (i.e., previous assignments and language fluency) and three positional factors (i.e., hierarchical level, functional area, and assignment vector) as moderators of adjustment determinants. Surveys were completed by 452 expatriates from 29 different countries assigned to 45 host countries by large multinational firms. The multi-dimensionality of adjustment was investigated and confirmed. Support for the expanded Black et al. (1991) model was found. Several significant moderating effects emerged, showing different patterns of adjustment for those with different amounts of previous expatriate experience and levels of host country language fluency. Hierarchical level and assignment vector were also important moderators, but the effects for functional area were generally weak.

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*Margaret A. Shaffer is an assistant professor of management at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Her research interests include expatriate adjustment and performance and workplace aggression.

**David A. Harrison is a professor of management at the University of Texas, Arlington. He studies work role adjustment, executive decision-making, time, and organizational measurement.

***K. Matthew Gilley is an assistant professor of strategic management at Oklahoma State University. His current research interests include expatriate issues, outsourcing, and corporate governance.

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Shaffer, M., Harrison, D. & Gilley, K. Dimensions, Determinants, and Differences in the Expatriate Adjustment Process. J Int Bus Stud 30, 557–581 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490083

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490083

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