Skip to main content
Log in

A neuro-fuzzy two-stage clustering approach to customer segmentation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Marketing Analytics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Improper selection of segmentation variables and tools may have an effect on segmentation results and can cause a negative financial impact. There have been numerous traditional models in the literature to segment customers; the most effective one is based on two-stage clustering methodology. However, none of the traditional approaches has the ability to establish non-strict customer segments that are significantly crucial for today’s competitive consumer markets. The aim of this study is to propose a two-stage clustering model for customer segmentation using Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic. Segmenting customers was done according to the purchasing behaviours of customers via utilising Recency, Frequency and Monetary values. By using a secondary data set from a UK retail company, the model was also compared with traditional two-stage method based on two clustering validity indices. The findings indicated that the proposed model provided better insights and managerial implications with respect to the chosen validity indices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Khatib, J. A., Stanton, A.A. and Rawwas, M.Y.A. (2005) Ethical segmentation of consumers in developing countries: A comparative analysis. International Marketing Review 22 (2): 225–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amiri, B. and Fathian, M. (2007) Integration of self organizing feature maps and honey bee mating optimization for market segmentattion. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 3 (3): 70–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, C., Baines, P.R., Wilson, H. and Clark, M. (2009) Segmentation and customer insight in contemporary services marketing practice: Why grouping customers is no longer enough. Journal of Marketing Management 25 (3–4): 227–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayer, J. (2010) Customer segmentation in the telecommunications industry. Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management 17 (3): 247–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beane, T.P. and Ennis, D.M. (1987) Market segmentation: A review. European Journal of Marketing 21 (5): 20–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkhin, P. (2006) Survey of Clustering Data Mining Techniques. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C. (1981) Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms. New York: Plemun Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C. and Pal, N.R. (1998) Some new indexes of cluster validity. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 28 (3): 301–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, J.Z. (2005) Market segmentation: A neural network application. Annals of Tourism Research 32 (1): 93–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Changchien, S.W. and Lu, T.Z. (2001) Mining association rules procedure to support on-line recommendation by customers and products fragmentation. Expert Systems with Applications 20 (4): 325–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, C.-Y., Chen, Y.-F., Kuo, I. and Kun, H.C. (2009) An intelligent market segmentation system using k-means and particle swarm optimization. Expert Systems with Applications 36 (3): 4558–4565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crespo, F. and Weber, R. (2005) A methodology for dynamic data mining based on fuzzy clustering. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 150 (2): 267–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desarbo, W.S., Atalay, A.S., Lebaron, D. and Blanchard, S.J. (2008) Estimating multiple consumer segment ideal points from context-dependent survey data. Journal of Consumer Research 35 (1): 142–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diez, J., Coz, J.J., Luacez, O. and Bahamonde, A. (2008) Clustering people according to their preference criteria. Expert Systems with Applications 34 (2): 1274–1284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolnicar, S. (2004) Beyond commonsense segmentation: A systematics of segmentation approaches in tourism. Journal of Travel Research 42 (3): 244–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, J.C. (1974) Well-separated clusters and the optimal fuzzy partitions. Journal of Cybernetics 4 (1): 95–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg, B. (2006) Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry 12 (2): 219–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freitas, A.A. (2002) A survey of evolutionary algorithms for data mining and knowledge discovery. In: A. Ghosh and S.S. Tsutsui (eds.) Advances in Evolutionary Computation. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gil-Saura, I. and Ruiz-Molina, M.-E. (2008) Customer segmentation based on commitment and ICT use. Industrial Management & Data Systems 109 (2): 206–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giudici, P. (2003) Applied Data Mining: Statistical Methods for Business and Industry. West Sussex, UK: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ha, S.H (2007) Applying knowledge engineering techniques to customer analysis in the service industry. Advanced Engineering Informatics 21 (3): 293–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiziroglu, A. (2013) Soft computing applications in customer segmentation: State-of-artreview and critique. Expert Systems with Applications 40 (11): 6491–6507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Höppner, F., Klawonn, F., Kruse, R. and Runkler, T. (1999) Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Methods for Classification, Data Analysis and Image Recognition. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hruschka, H. (1986) Market definition and segmentation using fuzzy clustering methods. International Journal of Research in Marketing 3 (2): 117–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hruschka, H., Fettes, W. and Probst, M. (2004) Market segmentation by maximum likelihood clustering using choice elasticities. European Journal of Operational Research 154 (3): 779–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, N. (2004) An integrated data mining and behavioural scoring model for analysing bank customers. Expert Systems with Applications 27 (4): 623–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, S.C (2012) The RFM-based institutional customers clustering: Case study of a digital content provider. Information Technology Journal 11 (9): 1193–1201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, T. and Sheu, J. (2003) A fuzzy-based customer classification method for demand-responsive logistical distribution operations. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 139 (2): 431–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, C. and Tsai, C.-F. (2008) Market segmentation based on hierarchical self-organizing map for markets of multimedia on demand. Expert Systems with Applications 34 (1): 780–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, A.K. and Dubes, R.C. (1948) Algorithms for Clustering Data. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonker, J., Piersma, N. and Poel, D.V. (2004) Joint optimization of customer segmentation and marketing policy to maximize long-term profitability. Expert Systems with Applications 27 (2): 159–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, L. and Rousseeuw, P.J. (2005) Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaymak, U. (2001) Fuzzy Target Selection Using RFM Variables. In: Proceedings of Joint 9th IFSA World Congress and 20th NAFIPS International conference, 1038–1043, Vancouver.

  • Kaymak, U. and Setnes, M. (2000) Extended fuzzy clustering algorithms. Rotterdam, Netherlands: ERIM Report Series Research in Management.

  • Kim, S.-Y., Jung, T.-S., Suh, E.-H. and Hwang, H.-S. (2006) Customer segmentation and strategy development based on customer lifetime value: A case study. Expert Systems with Applications 31 (1): 101–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohonen, T. (1995) Self-Organization Maps. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, R.J., Ho, L.M. and Hu, C.M. (2002a) Cluster analysis in industrial market segmentation through artificial neural network. Computers and Industrial Engineering 42 (2): 391–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, R.J., Ho, L.M. and Hu, C.M. (2002b) Integration of self-organizing feature map and k-means algorithm for market segmentation. Computers and Operations Research 29 (11): 1475–1493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, R.J., An, Y.L., Wang, H.S. and Chung, W.J. (2006) Integration of self-organizing feature maps neural network and genetic K-means algorithm for market segmentation. Expert Systems with Applications 30 (2): 313–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J.H. and Park, S.C. (2005) Intelligent profitable customers segmentation system based on business intelligence tools. Expert Systems with Applications 29 (1): 145–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.C., Suh, Y.H., Kim, J.K. and Lee, K.J. (2004) A cross-national market segmentation of online game industry using SOM. Expert Systems with Applications 27 (4): 559–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D.-C., Dai, W.-L. and Tseng, W.-T. (2011) A two-stage clustering method to analyze customer characteristics to build discriminative customer management: A case of textile manufacturing business. Expert Systems with Applications 38 (6): 7186–7191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Wang, K. and Xu, L. (2009) Chameleon based on clustering feature tree and its application in customer segmentation. Ann Operations Research 168: 225–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liao, S. (2003) Knowledge management technologies and applications: Literature review from 1995 to 2002. Expert Systems with Applications 25 (2): 155–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lien, C.-H., Ramirez, A. and Haines, G.H. (2006) Capturing and evaluating segments: Using self-organizing maps and k-means in market segmentation. Asian Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences 1 (1): 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, D. and Shih, Y. (2005) Integrating AHP and data mining for product recommendation based on customer lifetime value. Information & Management 42 (3): 387–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mangiameli, P., Chen, S.K. and West, D. (1996) A comparison of SOM neural network and hierarchical clustering methods. European Journal of Operational Research 93 (2): 401–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra, S., Pal, S.K. and Mitra, P. (2002) Data mining in soft computing framework: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 13 (1): 3–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mo, J., Kiang, M., Zou, P. and Li, Y. (2010) A two-stage clustering approach for multi-region segmentation. Expert Systems with Applications 37 (10): 7120–7131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J.H. and Tauber, E. (1977) Market structure analysis. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nairn, A. and Berthon, P. (2003) Creating the customer: The influence of advertising on consumer market segments. Journal of Business Ethics 42 (1): 83–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozer, M. (2001) User segmentation of online music services using fuzzy clustering. Omega 29 (2): 193–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oztemel, E. (2003) Neural networks. Istanbul, Turkey: Papatya Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pal, S.K., Talwar, V. and Mitra, P. (2002) Web mining in soft computing framework: Relevance, state of the art and future directions. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 13 (5): 1163–1177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peltier, J.M. and Schribrowsky, J.A. (1997) The use of need-based segmentation for developing segment-specific direct marketing strategies. Journal of Direct Marketing 11 (4): 54–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poczter, A. (2013) Concept testing new products: Errors versus segmenting variables. The Journal of Applied Business Research 29 (2): 545–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potharst, R., Kaymak, U. and Pijls, W. (2001) Neural networks for target selection in direct marketing. Rotterdam, Netherlands: ERIM Report Series Research in Management, March, pp. 1–15.

  • Punj, G. and Stewart, D.W. (1983) Cluster analysis in marketing research: Review and suggestions for applications. Journal of Marketing Research 20 (2): 134–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, A. and Lambert, D.M. (1994) Segmentation of markets based on customer service. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 24 (4): 50–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, M.J., Subramaniam, C., Tan, G.W. and Welge, M.E. (2001) Knowledge management and data mining for marketing. Decision Support Systems 31 (1): 127–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, H.W. and Sohn, S.Y. (2004) Segmentation of stock trading customers according to potential value. Expert Systems with Applications 27 (1): 27–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W.R. (1956) Product differentiation and market segmentation as an alternative marketing strategy. Journal of Marketing 21 (1): 3–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K.A. and Gupta, J.N.D. (2000) Neural networks in business: Techniques and applications for the operations researchers. Computers & Operations Research 27 (11): 1023–1044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spais, G.S. and Vasileiou, K.Z. (2006) An ordinal regression analysis for the explanation of consumer overall satisfaction in the food-marketing context: The managerial implications to consumer strategy management at store level. Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management 14 (1): 51–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suh, E.H., Noh, K.C. and Suh, C.K. (1999) Customer list segmentation using the combined response model. Expert Systems with Applications 17 (2): 89–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, S. (2009) An analysis on the conditions and methods of market segmentation. International Journal of Business and Management 4 (2): 63–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, C.Y. and Chiu, C.C. (2004) A purchase-based market segmentation methodology. Expert Systems with Applications 27 (2): 265–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsiotsou, R. (2006) Using visit frequency to segment ski resorts customers. Journal of Vacation Marketing 12 (1): 15–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tynan, A.C. and Drayton, J. (1987) Market segmentation. Journal of Marketing Management 2 (3): 301–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vellido, A., Lisboa, P.J. and Meehan, K. (1999a) Segmentation of the online shopping market using neural networks. Expert Systems with Applications 17 (4): 303–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vellido, A., Lisboa, P.J.G. and Vaughan, J. (1999b) Neural networks in business: A survey of applications (1992–1998). Expert Systems with Applications 17 (1): 51–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vesanto, J. and Alhoniemi, E. (2000) Clustering of the self-organizing map. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 11 (3): 586–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C.H. (2009) Outlier identification and market segmentation using kernel-based clustering techniques. Expert Systems with Applications 36 (2): 3744–3750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wedel, M. and Steenkamp, J.E.M. (1989) Fuzzy clusterwise regression approach to benefit segmentation. International Journal of Research in Marketing 6 (4): 241–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkie, W.L. and Cohen, J.B. (1977) An Overview of Market Segmentation: Behavioral Concepts and Research Approaches, Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wind, Y. (1978) Issues and advances in segmentation research. Journal of Marketing Research 15 (3): 317–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, R.-S. and Chou, P.-H. (2011) Customer segmentation of multiple category data in e-commerce using a soft-clustering approach. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 10 (3): 331–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xia, J., Evans, F.H., Spilsbury, K., Ciesielski, V., Arrowsmith, C. and Wright, G. (2010) Market segments based on the dominant movement patterns of tourists. Tourism Management 31 (4): 464–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, M. (1993) A survey of fuzzy clustering. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 18 (11): 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yankelovich, D. (1964) New criteria for market segmentation. Harvard Business Review 42 (2): 83–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yankelovich, D. and Meer, D. (2006) Rediscovering market segmentation. Harvard Business Review 84 (2): 122–131.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdulkadir Hiziroglu.

Additional information

1has been in academia since 2001. He received BSc and MSc degrees from Sakarya University Industrial Engineering Department. He then pursued his PhD degree at Manchester Business School, United Kingdom. During his PhD, he worked on designing and implementing a customer segmentation model using soft computing technologies within the framework of data mining and knowledge discovery. Currently, He works for Yildirim Beyazit University Management Information Systems Department as an Assistant Professor, in Ankara.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hiziroglu, A. A neuro-fuzzy two-stage clustering approach to customer segmentation. J Market Anal 1, 202–221 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1057/jma.2013.17

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jma.2013.17

Keywords

Navigation