References
Aitken, B. and Harrison, A. (1999) Do domestic firms benefit from direct foreign investment? Evidence from Venezuela. American Economic Review 89 (3): 605–618.
Alfaro, L. and Rodriguez-Clare, A. (2004) Multinationals and linkages: An empirical investigation. Economia 4 (2): 113–156.
Blomstrom, M. and Kokko, A. (1998) Multinational corporation and spillovers. Journal of Economic Surveys 12 (3): 247–277.
Castellani, D. and Zanfei, A. (2007) Multinational Firms, Innovation and Productivity. Celtenham: E.Elgar.
Dunning, J.H. (1988) Multinationals, Technology and Competitiveness. London: Unwin Hyman.
Eckerman, I. (2011) Bhopal gas catastrophe 1984: Causes and consequences. In: J.O. Nriagu (ed.) Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Vol. 1. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, pp. 302–316.
Giarratana, M., Pagano, A. and Torrisi, S. (2004) The role of multinational firms in the evolution of the software industry in India, Ireland and Israel. In: A. Arora and A. Gambardella (eds.) From Underdogs to Tigers: The Rise and Growth of the Software Industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland, and Israel. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 207–235.
Gorg, H. and Greenaway, D. (2004) Much ado about nothing? Do domestic firms really benefit from foreign direct investment? World Bank Research Observer 19 (2): 171–197.
Hirschman, A.O. (1958) The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
Lall, S. (1978) Transnational, domestic enterprises and industrial structure in host LDCs. A survey. Oxford Economic Papers 30 (2): 217–248.
Lipsey, R.E. and Sjöholm, F. (2004) Host Country Impacts of Inward FDI: Why such Different Answers? Stockholm School of Economics. EIJS Working Paper no. 192.
Rodriguez-Clare, A. (1996) Multinationals, linkages, and economic development. The American Economic Review 86 (4): 852–873.
Sands, A. (2004) The Irish software industry. In: A. Arora and A. Gambardella (eds.) From Underdogs to Tigers: The Rise and Growth of the Software Industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland, and Israel. New York: Oxford University Press.
Smeets, R. (2008) Collecting the pieces of the FDI knowledge spillovers puzzle. World Bank Research Observer 23 (2): 107–138.
UNCTAD. (2001) World Investment Report: Promoting Linkages. Geneva and New York: United Nations.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zanfei, A. Effects, Not Externalities. Eur J Dev Res 24, 8–14 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2011.52
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2011.52