Skip to main content

The effects of price promotion depth on new and mature products

Abstract

Although the short-term effects of price promotion depth on mature product sales volume and sales revenue are well known, empirical studies on the long-term effects of price promotions are relatively scarce. This study employs two models, a generalized linear autoregression model and a linear mixed model, to analyze the effects of promotion depth on sales revenue for a 106-weeks period. Using learning theory as a framework, the researchers also examine the effects of price promotions on new and mature consumer packaged goods sales. Across 10 store-level point-of-sales data sets, our results indicate that promotion depth does not affect brand extension sales but does positively influence line extension and mature product sales. We address the theoretical and managerial implications of these interesting results in the second half of the article.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

References

  • Aaker, D.A. and Keller, K.L. (1990) Consumer evaluations of brand extensions. Journal of Marketing 54 (1): 27–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abraham, M.M. and Lodish, L.M. (1993) An implemented system for improving promotion productivity using store scanner data. Marketing Science 12 (3): 248–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alba, J.W. and Hutchinson, J.W. (1987) Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Research 13 (4): 411–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allender, W.J. and Richards, T.J. (2012) Brand loyalty and price promotion strategies: An empirical analysis. Journal of Retailing 88 (3): 323–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagwell, K. (1987) Introductory price as a signal of cost in a model of repeat business. The Review of Economic Studies 54 (3): 365–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balachander, S. and Ghose, S. (2003) Reciprocal spillover effects: A strategic benefit of brand extensions. Journal of Marketing 67 (1): 4–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bemmaor, A.C. and Mouchoux, D. (1991) Measuring the short-term effect of in-store promotion and retail advertising on brand sales: A factorial experiment. Journal of Marketing Research 28 (2): 202–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blattberg, R.C. and Neslin, S.A. (1989) Sales promotion: The long and the short of it. Marketing Letters 1 (1): 81–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blattberg, R.C., Briesch, R. and Fox, E.J. (1995) How promotions work. Marketing Science 14 (3): G122–G132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.G. (1988) Nested multinomial logit analysis of scanner data for a hierarchical choice model. Journal of Business Research 17 (2): 133–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, T.S. and Linzer, D.A. (2012) Should I use fixed or random effects? Emory University, Department of Political Science Working Paper, http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~tclark7/randomeffects.pdf.

  • Dawar, N. and Sarvary, M. (1997) The signaling impact of low introductory price on perceived quality and trial. Marketing Letters 8 (3): 251–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawes, J.G. (2012) Brand-pack size cannibalization arising from temporary price promotions. Journal of Retailing 88 (3): 343–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dekimpe, M., Hanssens, D.M. and Silva-Risso, J.M. (1998) Long-run effects of price promotions in scanner markets. Journal of Econometrics 89 (1): 269–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DelVecchio, D., Henard, D.H. and Freling, T.H. (2006) The effect of sales promotion on post-promotion brand preference: A meta-analysis. Journal of Retailing 82 (3): 203–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Divakar, S., Ratchford, B.T. and Shankar, V. (2005) CHAN4CAST: A multichannel, multiregion sales forecasting model and decision support system for consumer packaged goods. Marketing Science 24 (3): 334–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodson, J.A., Tybout, A.M. and Sternthal, B. (1978) Impact of deals and deal retraction on brand switching. Journal of Marketing Research 15 (1): 72–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erdem, T. and Keane, M.P. (1996) Decision-making under uncertainty: Capturing dynamic brand choice processes in turbulent consumer goods markets. Marketing Science 15 (1): 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzmaurice, G.M., Laird, N.M. and Ware, J.H. (2011) Applied Longitudinal Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foekens, E.W., SH Leeflang, P. and Wittink, D.R. (1998) Varying parameter models to accommodate dynamic promotion effects. Journal of Econometrics 89 (1): 249–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gijsbrechts, E. (1993) Prices and pricing research in consumer marketing: Some recent developments. International Journal of Research in Marketing 10 (2): 115–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregan-Paxton, J. and John, D.R. (1997) Consumer learning by analogy: A model of internal knowledge transfer. Journal of Consumer Research 24 (3): 266–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grewal, D., Baker, J., Levy, M. and Voss, G.B. (2003) The effects of wait expectations and store atmosphere evaluations on patronage intentions in service-intensive retail stores. Journal of Retailing 79 (4): 259–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J. and Borin, N. (1998) The effect of store name, brand name and price discounts on consumers’ evaluations and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing 74 (3): 331–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guadagni, P.M. and Little, J.D. (1983) A logit model of brand choice calibrated on scanner data. Marketing Science 2 (3): 203–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henseler, J., Horvath, S., Sarstedt, M. and Zimmermann, L. (2010) A cross-cultural comparison of brand extension success factors: A meta-study. Journal of Brand Management 18 (1): 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jedidi, K., Mela, C.F. and Gupta, S. (1999) Managing advertising and promotion for long-run profitability. Marketing Science 18 (1): 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, K.L. (1993) Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. The Journal of Marketing 57 (1): 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, K.L. and Aaker, D.A. (1992) The effects of sequential introduction of brand extensions. Journal of Marketing Research 29 (1): 35–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kopalle, P.K., Mela, C.F. and Marsh, L. (1999) The dynamic effect of discounting on sales: Empirical analysis and normative pricing implications. Marketing Science 18 (3): 317–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J., Currim, I.S. and Andrews, R.L. (2005) Consumer heterogeneity in the longer-term effects of price promotions. International Journal of Research in Marketing 22 (4): 441–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mela, C.F., Gupta, S. and Lehmann, D.R. (1997) The long-term impact of promotion and advertising on consumer brand choice. Journal of Marketing Research 34 (2): 248–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauwels, K., Hanssens, D.M. and Siddarth, S. (2002) The long-term effects of price promotions on category incidence, brand choice, and purchase quantity. Journal of Marketing Research 39 (4): 421–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, P.E., Chevalier, J.A. and Kashyap, A.K (2002) Why don’t prices rise during periods of peak demand? Evidence from scanner data. Yale SOM Working Paper No. MK-12, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.319966.

  • Rothschild, M.L. and Gaidis, W.C. (1981) Behavioral learning theory: Its relevance to marketing and promotions. Journal of Marketing 45 (2): 70–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmalensee, R. (1978) A model of advertising and product quality. The Journal of Political Economy 86 (3): 485–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, D.E. and Robinson, W.A. (1982) Sales Promotion Management. Chicago, IL: Crain Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simester, D. (1995) Signalling price image using advertised prices. Marketing Science 14 (2): 166–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J.D. and Willett, J.B. (2003) Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sjodin, H. (2007) Financial assessment of brand extensions. Journal of Brand Management 14 (6): 223–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spector, P.E. and Brannick, M.T. (2011) Methodological urban legends: The misuse of statistical control variables. Organizational Research Methods 14 (2): 287–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan, S., Leszczyc, P.T.L.P. and Bass, F.M. (2000) Market share response and competitive interaction: The impact of temporary, evolving and structural changes in prices. International Journal of Research in Marketing 17 (4): 281–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tellis, G.J. (1988) Advertising exposure, loyalty, and brand purchase: A two-stage model of choice. Journal of Marketing Research 25 (2): 134–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Heerde, H.J., Leeflang, P.S. and Wittink, D.R. (2004) Decomposing the sales promotion bump with store data. Marketing Science 23 (3): 317–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villarejo-Ramos, A.F. and Sanchez-Franco, M.J. (2005) The impact of marketing communication and price promotion on brand equity. Journal of Brand Management 12 (6): 431–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters, R.G. (1991) Assessing the impact of retail price promotions on product substitution, complementary purchase, and interstore sales displacement. The Journal of Marketing 55 (2): 17–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winer, R.S. (1986) A reference price model of brand choice for frequently purchased products. Journal of Consumer Research 13 (2): 250–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittink, D.R., Addona, M.J., Hawkes, W.J. and Porter, J.C. (1988) SCAN* PRO: The estimation, validation and use of promotional effects based on scanner data. Internal Paper, Cornell University.

  • Wright, A.A. and Lynch Jr. J.G. (1995) Communication effects of advertising versus direct experience when both search and experience attributes are present. Journal of Consumer Research 21 (4): 708–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi, R., Tsuchiya, E. and Higuchi, T. (2004) State space modeling approach to decompose daily sales of a restaurant into time-dependent multi-factors (in Japanese). Transactions of the Operations Research Society of Japan 49: 52–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoo, C., Park, J. and MacInnis, D.J. (1998) Effects of store characteristics and in-store emotional experiences on store attitude. Journal of Business Research 42 (3): 253–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeithaml, V.A. (1988) Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. The Journal of Marketing 52 (3): 2–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sangno Lee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Choi, S., Friske, W., Lee, S. et al. The effects of price promotion depth on new and mature products. J Brand Manag 21, 202–215 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2014.1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2014.1

Keywords

  • brand extension
  • line extension
  • price promotion
  • retailing
  • scanner data