Skip to main content

Ethics of neuroenhancement: A phantom debate

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

References

  • Arnsten, A.F. and Li, B.M. (2005) Neurobiology of executive functions: Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical functions. Biological Psychiatry 57 (11): 1377–1384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge, K.C. (2007) The debate over dopamine's role in reward: The case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191 (3): 391–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clatworthy, P.L. et al. (2009) Dopamine release in dissociable striatal subregions predicts the different effects of oral methylphenidate on reversal learning and spatial working memory. Journal of Neuroscience 29 (15): 4690–4696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DAK. (2009) Gesundheitsreport 2009: Analyse der Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdaten. Schwerpunktthema Doping am Arbeitsplatz. Hamburg: DAK Forschung.

  • de Jongh, R., Bolt, I., Schermer, M. and Olivier, B. (2008) Botox for the brain: Enhancement of cognition, mood and pro-social behavior and blunting of unwanted memories. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 32 (4): 760–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G. and Schulenberg, J.E. (2005) Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2004. Volume I and II: Secondary School Students and College Students and Adults Ages 19–45. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH Publication Nos. 05-5727 and 05-5728).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D. (1973) Attention and Effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapner, D.A. (2003) Recreational Use of Ritalin on College Campuses. Newton, MA: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapner, D.A. (2008) Recreational Use of Ritalin on College Campuses. Newton, MA: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Killgore, W.D., Rupp, T.L., Grugle, N.L., Reichardt, R.M., Lipizzi, E.L. and Balkin, T.J. (2008) Effects of dextroamphetamine, caffeine and modafinil on psychomotor vigilance test performance after 44h of continuous wakefulness. Journal of Sleep Research 17 (3): 309–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, R. (2008) Approved and investigational uses of modafinil: An evidence-based review. Drugs 68 (13): 1803–1839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanni, C. et al. (2008) Cognition enhancers between treating and doping the mind. Pharmacological Research 57 (3): 196–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattay, V.S. et al. (2000) Effects of dextroamphetamine on cognitive performance and cortical activation. Neuroimage 12 (3): 268–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattay, V.S. et al (2003) Catechol O-methyltransferase val158-met genotype and individual variation in the brain response to amphetamine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A 100 (10): 6186–6191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCabe, S.E., Knight, J.R., Teter, C.J. and Wechsler, H. (2005) Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among US college students: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addiction 100 (1): 96–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, M.A., Owen, A.M., Sahakian, B.J., Mavaddat, N., Pickard, J.D. and Robbins, T.W. (2000) Methylphenidate enhances working memory by modulating discrete frontal and parietal lobe regions in the human brain. Journal of Neuroscience 20 (6): RC65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, U., Steffenhagen, N., Regenthal, R. and Bublak, P. (2004) Effects of modafinil on working memory processes in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 177 (1–2): 161–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, D.C., Shneerson, J.M. and File, S.E. (2005) Cognitive effects of modafinil in student volunteers may depend on IQ. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 82 (1): 133–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, N. (2008) America's first amphetamine epidemic 1929–1971: A quantitative and qualitative retrospective with implications for the present. American Journal of Public Health 98 (6): 974–985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sussman, S., Pentz, M.A., Spruijt-Metz, D. and Miller, T. (2006) Misuse of ‘study drugs’: prevalence, consequences, and implications for policy. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention and Policy 1: 15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teter, C.J., McCabe, S.E., Cranford, J.A., Boyd, C.J. and Guthrie, S.K. (2005) Prevalence and motives for illicit use of prescription stimulants in an undergraduate student sample. Journal of American College Health 53 (6): 253–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wesensten, N.J., Belenky, G., Kautz, M.A., Thorne, D.R., Reichardt, R.M. and Balkin, T.J. (2002) Maintaining alertness and performance during sleep deprivation: Modafinil versus caffeine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 159 (3): 238–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Quednow, B. Ethics of neuroenhancement: A phantom debate. BioSocieties 5, 153–156 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2009.13

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2009.13