Abstract
Corruption goes by different euphemisms in media organisations in Ghana, but the phenomenon has hardly been studied to understand its nature, content and context. This paper charts that course. It draws on empirical data from journalists and non-journalism sources in order to highlight why and how corruption is rife in media establishments, and it also discusses implications for (media) corporate governance. The paper offers some suggestions for reducing this level of corruption, such as training management and staff in specific ways on professionalism and with lessons that can be drawn from other sources.
Similar content being viewed by others
References and Notes
Khondker, H. H. (2006) Contributions of Syed Hussein Alatas sociology of corruption and ‘corruption of sociology’: Evaluating the contributions of Syed Hussein Alatas. Current Sociology 54 (1): 25–39.
Goffman, E. (1972) Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Antonio, A. (2005) Corruption and companies: The use of facilitating payments. Journal of Business Ethics 60: 251–264.
Koomson, B. (1997) Journalism and Ethics. Ghana: Friedrich Ebert Foundation.
Sampson, S. (2005) Integrity Warriors: Global Morality and the Anticorruption Movement in the Balkans. In: C. Shore and D. Haller (eds.) Corruption: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto Press.
Harrison, E. (2007) Corruption. Development in Practice 17 (4): 672–678.
Stringer, D. (2008) Prince Harry returns to UK, family, http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080301/ap_on_re_eu/britain_prince_harry, accessed 3 March 2008.
Amundsen, I. (1999) Political Corruption: An Introduction to the Issues. Working Paper 99: 7. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute.
Andvig, J. C. and Fjeldstad, O. H. (2001) Corruption: A Review of Contemporary Research. Oslo: Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institut.
Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. and Ferrell, L. (2002) Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Poole-Robb, S. and Bailey, A. (2002) Risky Business: Corruption, Fraud, Terrorism & Other Threats to Global Business. London: Kogan Page.
Dzokoto, K. P. (2000) Conflict of interest: Ethical issues raised by ‘payola’ in Ghana. Unpublished thesis, Cardiff University, Cardiff.
Katunich, L. J. (2002) Time to quit paying the payola piper: Why music industry abuse demands a complete system overhaul. Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review 22: 643–685.
Osborne, D. (1997) Corruption as Counter-culture: Attitudes to Bribery in Local and Global Society. In: B. Rider (ed.) Corruption – The Enemy Within. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
Day, L. A. (1991) Ethics in Media Communications: Cases and Controversies. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Taylor, R. (2002) Virtue Ethics: An Introduction. New York: Prometheus Books, Amherst.
Homans, G. C. (1988) Social Behaviour: Its Elementary Forms. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Nugent, S. (2007) Some reflections on anthropological structural Marxism. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 13: 419–431.
Sandelwoski, M. (2000) Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection and analysis techniques in mix method studies. Researching in Nursing and Health 23 (3): 246–255.
De Vault, M. L. and McCoy, L. (2002) Institutional Ethnography: Using Interviews to Investigate Ruling Relations. In: J.F. Gubrium and J.A. Holstein (eds.) Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method. London: Sage Publications.
Newell, R. (1993) Questionnaires. In: N. Gilbert (ed.) Researching Social Life. London: Sage Publication.
Denzin, N. (1990) Strategies and Multiple Triangulations. In: N. Denzin (ed.) The Research Act in Sociology: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Method. New York: McGraw Hill.
Black, E. (2003) Usefulness of financial statement components in valuation: An examination of start-up and growth firms. Venture Capital 5 (1): 47–69.
Entman, R. M. (2007) Framing bias: Media in the distribution of power. Journal of Communication 57: 163–173.
Lahiri, S. and Self, S. (2007) Gender bias in education: The role of inter-household externality, dowry and other social institutions. Review of Development Economics 11 (4): 591–606.
Alhassan-Alolo, N. (2007) Gender and corruption: Testing the new consensuses. Public Administration and Development 27 (3): 227–237.
Kent, E. (2005) The quality of democracy: Theory and applications. Political Theory 3 (3): 677–699.
Bayley, D. (1999) Integrity is always a problem. NIJ/NYU Seminar on Police Integrity and Democracies. Unpublished Paper presented at La Pietra, Florence.
Budima, G. (2006) Can corruption and economic crime be controlled in developing economies, and if so, is the cost worth it?. Journal of Financial Crime 13 (4): 408–419.
Müeller Wolfgang, C. (2000) Political parties in parliamentary democracies making delegation and accountability work. European Journal of Political Research 37: 419–454.
Leighton, D. and Donald, T. (1997) Making Boards Work: What Directors Must Do to Make Canadian Boards Work. Whitby, Ontario: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, pp. 4–14.
Miao, C. F. and Evans, R. K. (2007) The impact of salesperson motivation on the role perception and job performance – A cognitive and affective perspective. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management XXVII (1): 89–101.
Grant, K., David, W. C., George, S. L. and William, C. M. (2001) The role of satisfaction with territory design on the motivation, attitudes, and work outcomes of salespeople. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 29 (2): 165–178.
Isen, A. M. and Reeve, J. (2006) The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control. Motivation and Emotion 29 (4): 297–325.
Anderson, E. and Richard, L. O. (1987) Perspectives on behaviour-based versus outcome-based sales force control systems. Journal of Marketing 51: 76–88.
Weitz, B. A., Sujan, H. and Sujan, H. (1986) Knowledge, motivation, and adaptive behaviour: A framework for improving selling effectiveness. Journal of Marketing 50: 174–191.
Mark, P., Annie, H. L. and Wesley, J. J. (2005) The role of self-regulation training in developing the motivation management capabilities of salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management 25 (3): 269–281.
Acquaah, M. (2003) Corporate management, industry competition and the sustainability of firm abnormal profitability. Journal of Management and Governance 7: 57–85.
Fjeldstad, O-H. and Tungodden, B. (2003) Fiscal corruption: A vice or a virtue?. World Development 38 (1): 1459–1467.
Evetts, J. (2006) Short note: The sociology of professional groups – New directions. Current Sociology 54 (1): 133–143.
Hanlon, G. (1999) Lawyers, The State and the Market: Professionalism Revisited. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Halliday, T. C. (1987) Beyond Monopoly: Lawyers, State Crises and Professional Empowerment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Miller, P. and Rose, N. (1990) Governing economic life. Economy and Society 19 (1): 1–31.
Cruess, R. L. and Cruess, S. R. (2006) Teaching professionalism: General principles. Medical Teacher 28 (3): 205–208.
Hilton, S. R. and Slotnick, H. B. (2005) Proto-professionalism: How professionalisation occurs across the continuum of medical education. Medical Education 39: 58–65.
Suchman, A. L., Williamson, P. R., Litzelman, D. K., Frankel, R. M., Mossbarger, D. L., Innui, T. S. and the Relationship-Centred Care Initiative Discovery Team (2004) Toward an informal curriculum that teaches professionalism: Transforming the social environment of a medical school. Journal of General Internal Medicine 19: 501–504.
Alan, M. (2007) Institutional impediments to planning professionalism in Victoria, Australia. International Planning Studies 12 (4): 367–389.
Birch, E. L. (2001) Practitioners and the art of planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research 20: 407–422.
Roberts, T. (2002) The seven lamps of planning. Town Planning Review 73: 1–15.
Wu, B., Kee-hung, L. and Cheng, T. C. E. (2006) Emergence of ‘new professionalism’ among Chinese seafarers: Empirical evidence and policy implications. Maritime Policy & Management 33 (1): 35–48.
Zahavy, A. D. and Somech, A. (2006) Professionalism and helping: Harmonious or discordant concepts? An attribution theory perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 36 (8): 1892–1923.
Arnold, L. (2002) Assessing professional behaviour: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Academic Medicine 77: 502–515.
Van De Camp, K., Vernooij-Dassen, M. J. F. J., Grol, R. P. T. M. and Ottema, B. J. A. M. (2004) How to conceptualize professionalism: A qualitative study. Medical Teacher 26 (8): 696–702.
Kurer, O. (2005) Corruption: An alternative approach to its definition and measurement. Political Studies 53: 222–239.
Shihata, I. (1997) Corruption – A General Review with an Emphasis on the role of the World Bank. In: B. Rider (ed.) Corruption – The Enemy Within. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
‘Facilitating payments’ are not to be confused with ‘trade facilitation’ which is the simplification and standardisation of rules, procedures and information flows to foster and streamline trade between countries. On this alternative use of the term see Vincke and Heimann.58 Should they be confused with the function of financial institutions and markets in facilitating payment mechanisms; see, for example, McAndrews and Roberts.59
Vincke, F. and Heimann, F. (eds.) (2003) Fighting Corruption, A Corporate Practices Manual, 2nd edn. Paris: International Chamber of Commerce.
McAndrews, J. and Roberts, W. (1999) Payment Intermediation and the Origins of Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper No. 99-11.
DiRienzo, C. E., Das, J., Cort, K. T. and Burbridge Jr, J. (2007) Corruption and the role of information. Journal of International Business Studies 38: 320–332.
Le Vine, V. (1975) Corruption in Ghana. Transition 47: 48–50.
Rose, R. (2005) Learning from Comparative Public Policy. London: Rutledge.
Bishop, M. (1997) Hong Kong Beyond 1997: The Importance of International Cooperation in the Fight Against Corruption. In: B. Rider (ed.) Corruption – The Enemy Within. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
Quah, J. (1997) Singapore's Experience in Curbing Corruption. In: A. Heidenheimer, M. Johnson and V. Levine (eds.) Political Corruption – A Handbook. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Transparency International. (2004b) TI corruption perceptions index, www.transparency.org/cpi/2004/dnld/media_pack_en.pdf, accessed 7 November 2008.
Castanias, R. P. and Helfat, C. E. (2001) The managerial rents model: Theory and empirical analysis. Journal of Management 27: 661–678.
Foil, C. M. (1991) Managing culture as a competitive resource: An identity-based view of sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management 17: 191–211.
Mehra, A. (1996) Resource and market based determinants of performance in the US banking industry. Strategic Management Journal 17: 307–322.
Flaherty, T. B., Dahlstrom, R. and Skinner, S. J. (1999) Organizational values and role stress as determinants of customer-oriented selling performance. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management 19 (2): 1–18.
Hartline, M. D. and Ferrell, O. C. (1996) The management of customer-contact service employees: An empirical investigation. Journal of Marketing 60: 52–70.
Walker, O. C., Gilbert, A. C. and Neil, M. F. (1975) Organizational determinants of the industrial salesman's role conflict and ambiguity. Journal of Marketing 39: 32–39.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
1holds a PhD in Sociology and Education. His professional background is in Radio Journalism. He previously worked with the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation and is currently a visiting lecturer to various universities in the United Kingdom. His research interests are multidisciplinary – the interface between law and policy, human rights law, IE&C, children's rights and well-being in Africa, public international public health communication and Qualitative Research Methodology.
2holds MA degrees in International Relations, Small Arms and Conflict Management International Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies. Before his academic pursuit, he worked as a radiio broadcaster with the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation.
3holds a PhD in Accounting and Finance and is an affiliate of ACCA. Her research interests are in management accounting, corporate governance and ethics in accounting. She has carried out consultancy work for small and medium enterprises and non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe. Before joining the academia, Esi worked for the Banking Industry and the Railways. E-mail: ENdiweni@uwic.ac.uk.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gokah, T., Dzokoto, P. & Ndiweni, E. Brown envelope journalism, policing the policeman, conflict of interest and (media) corporate governance: The case of Ghana. Int J Discl Gov 6, 167–179 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1057/jdg.2008.30
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jdg.2008.30