Eastern Economic Journal

, Volume 34, Issue 4, pp 480–503 | Cite as

Segregation and Strategic Neighborhood Interaction

  • Jason M Barr
  • Troy Tassier
Symposium Article

Abstract

We introduce social interactions into the Schelling model of residential choice; these interactions take the form of a Prisoner's Dilemma game. We first study a Schelling model and a spatial Prisoner's Dilemma model separately to provide benchmarks for studying a combined model, with preferences over like-typed neighbors and payoffs in the spatial Prisoner's Dilemma game. We find that the presence of these additional social interactions may increase or decrease segregation compared to the standard Schelling model. If the social interactions result in cooperation then segregation is reduced, otherwise it can be increased.

Keywords

Schelling tipping model spatial Prisoner's Dilemma cooperation segregation 

JEL Classifications

C63 C73 D62 

Notes

Acknowledgements

We thank Myong-Hun Chang for his helpful and insightful comments on an earlier draft. This paper was presented at one of the sessions sponsored by the NYC Computational Economics and Complexity Workshop at the 2007 Eastern Economic Association Meetings. We thank the session participants for their comments. Finally we thank three anonymous referees for their comments, which have helped to improve the paper. Any errors belong to the authors.

References

  1. Aktipis, C. Athena . 2004. Know When to Walk Away: Contingent Movement and the Evolution of Cooperation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 231: 249–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Axelrod, Robert . 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
  3. Clark, William.A.V., and Valerie Ledwith . 2005. Mobility, Housing Stress and Neighborhood Contexts: Evidence from Los Angeles, California Center for Population Research Working Paper, CCPR–005-005.Google Scholar
  4. Cutler, David M., and Edward L. Glaeser . 1997. Are Ghettos Good or Bad? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (3): 827–872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Dokumaci, Emin, and William H. Sandholm . 2006. Schelling Redux: An Evolutionary Dynamic Model of Segregation, University of Wisconsin Working Paper.Google Scholar
  6. Duncan, Otis, and Beverly Duncan . 1955. A Methodological Analysis of Segregation Indexes. American Sociological Review, 20: 210–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Farrell, Susan J., Tim Aubry, and Daniel Coulombe . 2004. Neighborhoods and Neighbors: Do They Contribute to Personal Well-being? Journal of Community Psychology, 32 (1): 9–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Fehr, Ernst, and Simon Gächter . 2000. Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 14 (3): 159–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Frank, Robert H . 1999. Luxury Fever: Why Money Fails to Satisfy in an Era of Excess. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
  10. Fudenberg, Drew, and Jean Tirole . 1991. Game Theory. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
  11. Glaeser, Edward L., David I. Laibson, Jose A Scheinkman, and Christine L. Soutter . 2000. Measuring Trust. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (3): 811–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Hales, David . 2001. Tag-based Cooperation in Artificial Societies, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Essex.Google Scholar
  13. Janssen, Marco A . 2008. Evolution of Cooperation in a One-shot Prisoner's Dilemma Based on Recognition of Trustworthy and Untrustworthy Agents. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 65 (3–4): 458–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Lee, Barret. A., R.S. Oropesa, and James W. Kanan . 1994. Neighborhood Context and Residential Mobility. Demography, 31 (2): 249–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Marschall, Melissa J., and Dietlind Stolle . 2004. Race and the City: Neighborhood Context and the Development of Generalized Trust. Political Behavior, 26 (2): 125–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Nowak, Martin A., and Karl Sigmund . 1998. Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity by Image Scoring. Nature, 393: 573–577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Nowak, Martin A., and Robert M. May . 1992. Evolutionary Games and Spatial Chaos. Nature, 359: 826–829.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Nowak, Martin A., and Robert M. May . 1994. Spatial Games and the Maintenance of Cooperation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 91: 4877–4881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Pancs, Romans, and Nicolaas J. Vriend . 2007. Schelling's Spatial Proximity Model of Segregation Revisited. Journal of Public Economics, 91: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Riolo, Rick L . 1997. The Effects of Tag Mediated Selection of Partners in Evolving Populations Playing the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, Santa Fe Institute Working Paper # 97-02-016.Google Scholar
  21. Riolo, Rick L., Michael Cohen, and Robert Axelrod . 2001. Evolution of Cooperation without Reciprocity. Nature, 414: 441–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Schelling, Thomas C . 1969. Models of Segregation. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 59: 488–493.Google Scholar
  23. Schelling . 1971. Dynamic Models of Segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 1 (2): 143–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Schweitzer, Frank, Laxmidhar Behera, and Heinz Mühlenbein . 2002. Evolution of Cooperation in a Spatial Prisoners Dilemma. Advances in Complex Systems, 5: 269–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Sethi, Rajiv, and Rohini Somanathan . 2004. Inequality and Segregation. Journal of Political Economy, 112 (6): 1296–1321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Zhang, Junfu . 2004. A Dynamic Model of Residential Segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 28 (3): 147–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Eastern Economic Association 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jason M Barr
    • 1
  • Troy Tassier
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of EconomicsRutgers UniversityNewarkUSA
  2. 2.Department of EconomicsFordham UniversityBronx

Personalised recommendations