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Vigilanzschwankungen unter dopaminerger Medikation bei einem Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson: Ein Fallbericht

Influences of dopaminergic medication on the vigilance in Parkinson's disease: a case report

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Zusammenfassung

Störungen des Schlaf/Wach-Systems bei Patienten mit M. Parkinson sind häufig und multifaktoriell. Unerwünschte Wirkungen der Parkinsonmedikation spielen dabei eine bedeutende Rolle. Insbesondere die dopaminergen Substanzen besitzen sowohl sedierende als auch antriebssteigernde Wirkungen. Eine neuerliche Studie beschrieb nun erstmals plötzliche “Schlafattacken” unter Medikation mit Pramipexol oder Ropinirol. Wir untersuchten einen Patienten mit dieser seltenen Nebenwirkung mittels Langzeit-EEG,-EOG und-EMG—Ableitung unter Kombinationstherapie mit Ropinirol+L-dopa/Carbidopa sowie unter Monotherapie mit Ropinirol. Dabei fanden wir unter der Kombinationstherapie einen biphasischen Verlauf: nach kurzer Vigilanzzunahme über 20–30 min kam es innerhalb von 20–30 min zu einer verstärkten Schläfrigkeit mit Einschlafen 51 bzw. 57 min nach Kombinationsmedikation am Nachmittag und Abend. Nach morgendlicher Gabe waren die Effekte nur angedeutet und verzögert sichtbar. 7,5 Wochen später wiederholten wir das Experiment mit 8 mg Ropinirol. Der Patient hatte keine Schlafattacken. Die Langzeit-EEG-Aufzeichnung zeigte geringe Änderungen der EEG-Leistungsdichte mit Betonung niedrigerer Frequenzen 60–90 min nach Medikamenteneinnahme begleitet von Gähnen und einem geringen Müdigkeitsgefühl. Als Ursache des seltenen Phänomens nehmen wir einen passageren D3-autorezeptor vermittelten Einfluß auf das mesolimbische dopaminerge System an. Das überwiegen inhibitorischer Dopamineffekte scheint bei gleichzeitiger L-Dopa-Administration kurzfristig vertärkt zu werden. Die beobachteten Ereignisse treten nicht attackenartig auf, sondern in gleichmäßigem zeitlichen Abstand nach der Medikation. Der Patient kann daher Kompensationstrategien zur Vermeidung gefährlicher Situationen einüben.

Summary

Disturbances of the sleep/wake system are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). They may be caused by neuronal degeneration of specific areas or motor disabilities during sleep. Somnolence or insomnia are well known side effects of most drugs used in PD patients. A recent report stated sleep attacks after medication with pramipexole or ropinirole in 8 cases. We performed 24 h-EEG,-EOG,-EMG and-ECG recordings in one PD patient complaining about sleep attacks. He was medicated with 6 mg ropinirole and L-Dopa/Carbidopa. The data were analysed visually and by means of FFT. Administration of the drugs at 3 and 10 p.m. was followed by a 20 min period of increased vigilance. Afterwards the patient became tired and fell asleep 51 resp. 57 min after medication. In the morning this effect was not so obvious. 7.5 weeks later we repeated the measurement under ropinirole monotherapy (8 mg). The patient had not experienced sleepiness anymore. The longterm recordings revealed small shifts in EEG power to slower frequencies 60 to 90 mins after administration going along with yawning and a slight feeling of tiredness. We hypothesized that the short lasting sedative effect of dopaminergic medication is due to a D3 autoreceptor stimulation e.g. in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Ropinirole and pramipexole are known as a D3 agonist. This effect may be amplified by additional L-Dopa treatment. The observed sleep episodes did not occur suddenly but at regular time intervals after medication. Therefore the patient can train compensation strategies to prevent getting into dangerous situations.

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Schäfer, D., Greulich, W. Vigilanzschwankungen unter dopaminerger Medikation bei einem Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson: Ein Fallbericht. Somnologie 4, 84–92 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-054x.2000.13000.x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-054x.2000.13000.x

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