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The current state of play of rodent models to study the role of vitamin D in UV-induced immunomodulation

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Abstract

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight is immunomodulatory and the main source of vitamin D for humans. Vitamin D can also regulate adaptive immunity, through mechanisms that involve the induction or activation of regulatory T cells. Similar mechanisms have also been proposed for the induction of regulatory T cells after skin exposure to UVR. Here we discuss the converging and diverging immunoregulatory pathways of UVR and vitamin D, including the molecular pathways for regulatory T cell induction, non-genomic pathways regulated by vitamin D, antimicrobial peptides, skin integrity and potential interactions between vitamin D and other UVR-induced mediators. We then discuss possible in vivo approaches that could be used to demonstrate a direct (or otherwise) role for vitamin D in mediating the immunosuppressive effects of UVR such as the use of dietary vitamin D restriction to induce vitamin D deficiency, gene knockout mice or drugs to block enzymes of vitamin D metabolism. We end with discussion of the epigenetic effects of vitamin D and UVR for immunosuppression.

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Abbreviations

1,25(OH)2D3:

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

25(OH)D3:

25-hydroxyvitamin D

DC:

dendritic cell

PGE2:

prostaglandin E2

UVR:

ultraviolet radiation

VDD:

vitamin D deficiency

VDR:

vitamin D receptor

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  1. Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

    Shelley Gorman & Prue H. Hart

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Gorman, S., Hart, P.H. The current state of play of rodent models to study the role of vitamin D in UV-induced immunomodulation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 11, 1788–1796 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2pp25108f

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