Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation of novel polypyridyl ruthenium complex polymers with high sensitivity for electrogenerated chemiluminescence via copolymerization

  • Paper
  • Published:
Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We report two novel monomers, Ru1mono with one vinyl group, 4-[(4-vinylbenzylformamidyl)-4′-carboxylacid-2,2′-bipyridyl]-bis[2,2′-bipyridyl] ruthenium(ii) perchlorate and Ru2mono with two vinyl groups, 4,4′-bis[(4-vinylbenzylformamidyl)-2,2′-bipyridyl]-bis[2,2′-bipyridyl] ruthenium(ii) perchlorate. The molecular structures were demonstrated by NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Polymers Ru1MVP and Ru2MVP were then co-polymerized under free radical polymerization from Ru1mono or Ru2mono and 4-vinylpyridine with the molar ratio of 9 : 1, respectively. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru1MVP in a thin film on an electrode has been tested. It increased 17 times relative to cis-[Ru(bpy)2PVP10](ClO4)2 (RuPVP) reported in the presence of co-reactant tri-n-propylamine (TPA) at the oxidative peak around 1.16 V with scan rate of 100 mV s−1. Relative to RuPVPECL of Ru2MVP was 110 times greater with TPA, and 40 times greater with another co-reactant, sodium oxalate. The significant enhancement of ECL and improvement in making a stable film could be expected to lead to an applicable immobilized immunoassay technology via ECL.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G. G. Blackburn, H. P. Shah, J. H. Kenten, J. Leland, R. A. Kamin, J. Link, J. Peterman, M. J. Powell, A. Shah, D. B. Talley, S. K. Tyagi, E. Wilkens, T. Wu, R. J. Massey, Clin. Chem., 1991, 37, 1534–1539.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Yang, J. K. Leland, D. Yost, R. J. Massey, Bio/Technology, 1994, 12, 193–194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Namba, T. Sawada, O. Suzuki, Anal. Sci., 2000, 16, 757–763.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Zu, A. J. Bard, Anal. Chem., 2000, 72, 3223–3232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. F. Kanoufi, Y. Zu, A. J. Bard, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105, 210–216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. M. Richter, Chem. Rev., 2004, 104, 3003–3036.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. E. M. Gross, P. Pastore, R. M. Wightman, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105, 8732–8738.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. I. Rubinstein, A. J. Bard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 6641–6642.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. I. Rubinstein, A. J. Bard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 5007–5013.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. C. F. Hogan, R. J. Forster, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999, 396, 13–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. R. J. Forster, C. F. Hogan, Anal. Chem., 2000, 72, 5576–5582.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. J. Forster, J. G. Vos, Macromolecules, 1990, 23, 4372–4377.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. -K. Lee, S. -H. Lee, M. Lee, H. Lee, D. -H. Lee, W. -Y. Lee, Chem. Commun., 2003, 1602–1603.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Z. Gao, A. Heller and M. Dequaire, US Patent 7052591 B2, 2006

  15. D. A. Friesen, Inorg. Chem., 1998, 37, 2756–2762.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L. M. Dupray, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, 6299–6307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. C. N. Fleming, K. A. Maxwell, J. M. DeSimone, T. J. Meyer, J. M. Papanikolas, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 10336–10347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. B. H. Kim, D. N. Lee, H. J. Park, J. H. Min, Y. M. Jun, S. J. Park, W-Y. Lee, Talanta, 2004, 62, 595–602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. M. Greenway, A. Greenwood, P. Watts, C. Wiles, Chem. Commun., 2006, 85–87.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Kunishima, C. Kawachi, J. Monta, K. Terao, F. Iwasaki, S. Tani, Tetrahedron, 1999, 55, 13159–13170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. C. Lara-Ceniceros, C. Rivera-Vallejo, E. J. Jiménez-Regalado, Polym. Bull., 2007, 59, 499–508.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. M. Calvert, J. V. Caspar, R. A. Binstead, T. D. Westmoreland, T. J. Meyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 24, 6620–6627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. W. Miao, and J.-P. Choi, in Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence, ed. A. J. Bard, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2004, chapter 5, pp 213–273.

  24. Lynn Dennany, Robert J. Forster, Blanaid White, Malcolm Smyth, James F. Rusling, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 8835–8841.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. G. Lee, K. Yun, G. S. Lim, Bioelectrochemistry, 2007, 70, 228–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Youmei Lu

    Present address: Central of Research and Development, Valiant Fine Chemicals Company, Yantai Kaifaqu Wuzhishan Road 11, Shandong Province, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland

    Youmei Lu

Authors
  1. Youmei Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Youmei Lu.

Additional information

Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: 1H-NMR and 1H-1H COSY-NMR of Ru2COOH, Ru2mono and Ru1mono in D-DMSO. See DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00191c

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lu, Y. Preparation of novel polypyridyl ruthenium complex polymers with high sensitivity for electrogenerated chemiluminescence via copolymerization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 9, 392–397 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1039/b9pp00191c

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b9pp00191c

Search

Navigation