Abstract
The mean size of the metallic core of monolayer-protected gold clusters densely capped with 9-(1-pyrenoxyl)octane-1-thiol or 1-dodecanethiol can be adjusted by controlling the thiol/HAuCl4 ratio during synthesis. Upon reduction of tetrachloroaurate by NaBH4, lower mean metal core diameters were attained in those composites prepared from mixtures with higher thiol/Au ratios. The efficiency of electronic coupling between the core metal cluster and pyrenyl groups appended as an outer shell in this size-graded family was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The observed emission intensity from the bound fluorophores is independent of the gold core size.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Brust, M. Walker, D. Bethell, D. J. Schiffrin and R. Whyman, Synthesis of thiol-derivatized gold nanoparticles in a two-phase liquid–liquid system, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 801–802.
Colloidal Gold: Principles, Methods, and Applications, ed. M. A. Hayat, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, 1991, vol. 3.
R. S. Ingram and R. W. Murray, Electroactive three-dimensional monolayers: anthraquinone ω-functionalized alkanethiolate-stabilized gold clusters, Langmuir, 1998, 14, 4115–4121.
Cluster and Colloids, ed. G. Schmid, VCH, Weinheim, 1994.
S. Chen, R. S. Ingram, M. J. Hostetler, J. J. Pietron, R. W. Murray, T. G. Schaaff, J. T. Khoury, M. M. Alvarez and R. L. Whette, Gold nanoelectrodes of varied size: transition to molecules-like charging, Science, 1998, 280, 2098–2101.
S. Chen and R. W. Murray, Arenethiolate monolayer-protected gold clusters, Langmuir, 1999, 15, 682–689.
M. A. Fox and M. D. Wooten, Characterization, adsorption, and photochemistry of self-assembled monolayers of 10-thiodecyl 2-anthryl ether on gold, Langmuir, 1997, 13, 7099–7105.
J. Hu and M. A. Fox, A convenient trimethylsilylthioxy-dehalogenation reaction for the preparation of functionalized thiols, J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, 4959–4961.
L. J. De Jongh, H. B. Brom, J. M. Van Ruitenbeek, R. C. Thiel, G. Schmid, G. Longoni, A. Ceriotti, R. E. Benfield and R. Zanoni, Physical and chemical properties of high-nuclearity metal-cluster compounds: model systems for small metal particles, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. B, 1992, 283, 151–168.
R. Elghanian, J. J. Storhoff, R. C. Mucic, R. L. Letsinger and C. A. Mirkin, Selective colorimetric detection of polynucleotides based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles, Science, 1997, 277, 1078–1080.
P. Alivisatos, perspectives on the physical chemistry of semiconductor nanocrystals, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 13226–13239.
M. J. Hostetler, J. E. Wingate, C.-J. Zhong, J. E. Harris, R. W. Vachet, M. R. Clark, J. D. Londono, S. J. Green, J. J. Stokes, G. D. Wignall, G. L. Glish, M. D. Porter, N. D. Evans and R. W. Murray, Alkanethiolate gold cluster molecules with core diameters form 1.4 to 5.2 nanometers: core and monolayer properties as a function of core size, Langmuir, 1998, 14, 17–30.
U. Kreibig and M. Vollmer, Optical properties of metal clusters, Springer Ser. Mat. Sci., 1995, 25.
K. W. Kittredge, M. A. Fox and J. K. Whitesell, Effect of alkyl chain length on the fluorescence of 9-alkylfluorenyl thiols as self-assembled monolayers on gold, J. Phys. Chem., 2001, 105, 2323–2328.
R. F. Khairutdinov, Physical chemistry of nanocrystalline semiconductors, Colloid J. (Transl. of Kolloidn. Zh.), 1997, 59, 535–548.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This paper is dedicated to Professor Fred Lewis on the event of his 60th birthday.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Canepa, M., Fox, M.A. & Whitesell, J.K. The influence of core size on electronic coupling in shell-core nanoparticles: gold clusters capped with pyrenoxylalkylthiolate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2, 1177–1180 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1039/b306306b
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/b306306b