Abstract
2,5-Dimethylphenacyl phosphoric and sulfonic esters release the corresponding acids upon irradiation in nearly quantitative isolated yields, with quantum yields Φ = 0.71 and 0.68 in methanol, 0.09 and 0.19 in benzene. In methanol solution the reactions proceed predominantly via the (Z)-photoenol, the lifetimes of which (20 and 25 μs) were determined by laser flash photolysis. The chromophore is proposed as an excellent photoremovable protecting group for use in organic synthesis and biochemistry.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
1 (a) P. G. M. Wuts and T. W. Green, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 1999
(b) H. Morrison, Biological Applications of Photochemical Switches, Wiley, New York, 1993
(c) S. R. Adams and R. Y. Tsien, Controlling cell chemistry with caged compounds, in Annual Review of Physiology, United States, 1993, vol. 55, pp. 755–784.
C. G. Bochet, Photolabile protecting groups and linkers, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2002, 125–142.
A. P. Pelliccioli and J. Wirz, Photoremovable Protecting Groups: Mechanisms and Applications, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2002, 1, 441–458.
4 (a) P. G. Conrad, R. S. Givens, B. Hellrung, C. S. Rajesh, M. Ramseier and J. Wirz, p-Hydroxyphenacyl Phototriggers: The Reactive Excited State of Phosphate Photorelease, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 9346–9347
(b) P. G. Conrad, R. S. Givens, J. F. W. Weber and K. Kandler, New Phototriggers: Extending the p-Hydroxyphenacyl π-π* Absorption Range, Org. Lett., 2000, 2, 1545–1547
(c) R. S. Givens, P. S. Athey, B. Matuszewski, L. W. Kueper, J. Y. Xue and T. Fister, Photochemistry of Phosphate-Esters — α-Keto Phosphates as a Photoprotecting Group for Caged Phosphate, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 6001–6012
(d) R. S. Givens, A. Jung, C. H. Park, J. Weber and W. Bartlett, New Photoactivated Protecting Groups. 7. p-Hydroxyphenacyl: A Phototrigger for Excitatory Amino Acids and Peptides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 8369–8370
(e) R. S. Givens and C. H. Park, p-Hydroxyphenacyl ATP: A New Phototrigger, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 6259–6262
(f) R. S. Givens, J. F. W. Weber, P. G. Conrad, G. Orosz, S. L. Donahue and S. A. Thayer, New Phototriggers 9: p-Hydroxyphenacyl as a C-Terminal Photoremovable Protecting Group for Oligopeptides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 2687–2697
(g) C. H. Park and R. S. Givens, New Photoactivated Protecting Groups. 6. p-Hydroxyphenacyl: A Phototrigger for Chemical and Biochemical Probes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 2453–2463.
5 (a)A. Banerjee and D. E. Falvey, Direct Photolysis of Phenacyl Protecting Groups Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis: An Excited State Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Pathway Leads to Formation of Carboxylic Acids and acetophenone, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 2965–2966
(b) A. Banerjee and D. E. Falvey, Protecting Groups that Can Be Removed through Photochemical Electron Transfer: Mechanistic and Product Studies on Photosensitized Release of Carboxylates from Phenacyl Esters, J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 6245–6251
(c) A. Banerjee, K. Lee and D. E. Falvey, Photoreleasable Protecting Groups Based on Electron Transfer Chemistry. Donor Sensitized Release of Phenacyl Groups from Alcohols, Phosphates and Diacids, Tetrahedron, 1999, 55, 12699–12710
(d) A. Banerjee, K. Lee, Q. Yu, A. G. Fang and D. E. Falvey, Protecting Group Release through Photoinduced Electron Transfer: Wavelength Control through Sensitized Irradiation, Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 4635–4638
(e)K. Lee and D. E. Falvey, Photochemically Removable Protecting Groups Based on Covalently Linked Electron Donor-Acceptor Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 9361–9366.
P. Klán, M. Zabadal and D. Heger, 2,5-Dimethylphenacyl as a New Photoreleasable Protecting Group for Carboxylic Acids, Org. Lett., 2000, 2, 1569–1571.
M. Zabadal, A. P. Pelliccioli, P. Klan and J. Wirz, 2,5-Dimethylphenacyl Esters: A Photoremovable Protecting Group for Carboxylic Acids, J. Phys. Chem. A., 2001, 105, 10329–10333.
W. R. Bergmark, C. Barnes, J. Clark, S. Paparian and S. Marynowski, Photoenolization with α-Chloro Substituents, J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 5612–5615.
T. I. Yousaf and E. S. Lewis, Enolate Structures Contributing to the Transition State for Nucleophilic Substitution an α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 6137–6142.
R. Ruzicka, M. Zabadal and P. Klan, Photolysis of Phenacyl esters in a Two-Phase System, Synth. Commun., 2002, 32, 2581–2590.
P. J. Wagner, I. E. Kochevar and A. E. Kemppainen, Type II Photoprocesses of Phenyl Ketones. Procedures for Determining Meaningful Quantum Yields and Triplet Lifetimes, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1972, 94, 7489–7494.
(a) P. G. Sammes, Photoenolisation, Tetrahedron, 1976, 32, 405–422
(b) P. J. Wagner and C.-P. Chen, A Rotation-Controlled Exctited- State Reaction. The Photoenolization of Ortho Alkyl Phenyl Ketones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 239–241
(c)R. Haag, J. Wirz and P. J. Wagner, The Photoenolization of 2-Methylacetophenone and Related Compounds, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1977, 60, 2595–2607.
W. R. Bergmark, Photolysis of α-Chloro-o-methylacetophenones, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 61–62.
J. C. Netto-Ferreira and J. C. Scaiano, A Laser Flash Photolysis Study of the Mechanism of the Photocyclization of α-Chloro-omethylacetophenones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 5800–5803.
A. P. Pelliccioli, P. Klan, M. Zabadal and J. Wirz, Photorelease of HCl from o-Methylphenacyl Chloride Proceeds through the Z-Xylylenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 7931–7932.
(a) R. S. Givens and B. Matuszewski, Photochemistry of Phosphate Esters: An efficient Method for the Generation of Electrophiles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 6860–6861
(b) R. S. Givens and L. W. Kueper, Photochemistry of Phosphate Esters, Chem. Rev., 1993, 93, 55–66.
C.-H. Park and R. S. Givens, New Photoactivated Protecting Groups. 6. p-Hydroxyphenacyl: a Phototrigger for Chemical and Biochemical Probes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 2453–2463.
B. Schade, V. Hagen, R. Schmidt, R. Herbrich, E. Krause, T. Eckardt and J. Bendig, Deactivation Behavior and Excited-State Properties of (Coumarin-4-yl)methyl Derivatives. 1. Photocleavage of (7-Methoxycoumarin-4-yl)methyl Caged Acids with Fluorescence Enhancement, J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, 9109–9117.
C. S. Rajesh, R. S. Givens and J. Wirz, Kinetics and Mechanism of Phosphate Photorelease from Benzoin Diethyl Phosphate: Evidence for Adiabatic Fission to an α-Keto Cation in the Triplet State, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 611–618.
P. G. Conrad, R. S. Givens, B. Hellrung, C. S. Rajesh, M. Ramseier and J. Wirz, p-Hydroxyphenacyl Phototriggers: The Reactive Excited State of Phosphate Photorelease, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 9346–9347.
V. Hagen, J. Bendig, S. Frings, B. Wiesner, B. Schade, S. Helm, D. Lorenz and U. B. Kaupp, Synthesis, Photochemistry and Application of (7-Methoxycoumarin-4-yl) Methyl-Caged 8-Bromoadenosine Cyclic 3’,5’-Monophosphate and 8-Bromoguanosine Cyclic 3’,5’-Monophosphate Photolyzed in the Nanosecond Time Region, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 1999, 53, 91–102.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (CEZ: J07/ 98:143100005) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project No. 20-61746.00).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klán, P., Pelliccioli, A.P., Pospíšil, T. et al. 2,5-Dimethylphenacyl esters: A photoremovable protecting group for phosphates and sulfonic acids. Photochem Photobiol Sci 1, 920–923 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1039/B208171G
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/B208171G