Figure 3: Simulation of sequencing reads in the small target region (KRAS gene, five exonic regions) and the impact of the barcoding strategy.

(a) Size distribution of the sequencing data from the ctDNA and tissue DNA. Two different distributions were used to model each sample type. (b) Simulation of the estimated duplication fraction according to the sample type and number of sequencing reads. The duplication rate of the ctDNA was higher than that of the tissue DNA. (c) Simulation of the duplication rate according to the target size (assuming 0.1% sequencing errors).