Abstract
The vertebrate transcription factor NF-κB is induced by over 150 different stimuli. Active NF-κB, in turn, participates in the control of transcription of over 150 target genes. Because a large variety of bacteria and viruses activate NF-κB and because the transcription factor regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, immunoreceptors, and cell adhesion molecules, NF-κB has often been termed a `central mediator of the human immune response'. This article contains a complete listing of all NF-κB inducers and target genes described to date. The collected data argue that NF-κB functions more generally as a central regulator of stress responses. In addition, NF-κB activation blocks apoptosis in several cell types. Coupling stress responsiveness and anti-apoptotic pathways through the use of a common transcription factor may result in increased cell survival following stress insults.
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Acknowledgements
I thank Dr Patrick Baeuerle for his continuing support. The ER Overload Response was discovered and elucidated in his laboratory. I am very grateful to Professor Dr K Geiger for his generous support and encouragement. Thanks to Alexander Knorre for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Pa 611/1-2) and the Alfried Krupp-Förderpreis für Junge Hochschullehrer.
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Pahl, H. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors. Oncogene 18, 6853–6866 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203239
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