Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of late evening snack with rice ball on energy metabolism in liver cirrhosis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective:

This study investigates the effects of a late evening snack (LES), of 200 kcal of rice ball, on energy metabolism in cirrhotic patients. Impaired nutritional metabolism has been associated with cirrhosis, and frequent intake of small meals may prevent early-onset starvation, and maintain nourishment in these patients.

Subjects:

Twenty-one cirrhotic patients and 26 control subjects (Control) were recruited for this study. Patients were subsequently treated by LES (LC-LES) and by a non-LES regimen (LC-NLES).

Method:

Resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed by indirect calorimetry at 0830, 1130 and 1430. Blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured just before the energy metabolism measurements. The regular diet included three major meals and LES, at 0900, 1200, 1800 and 2100, respectively. The Control and LC-NLES groups received only the major meals, whereas the LC-LES group received three meals plus 200 kcal LES for 7 days. There was no difference in the total energy intake among Control, LC-NLES and LC-LES groups.

Results:

Respiratory quotient in LC-NLES was significantly lower than that of Control at 0830. Respiratory quotient value in LC-LES significantly elevated from that in LC-NLES. The RQ values did not differ among Control, LC-NLES and LC-LES at 2 h after the meal (1130 and 1430). Non-esterified fatty acids in LC-LES were lower than that in LC-NLES after overnight fasting.

Conclusions:

The ingestion of a 200 kcal rice ball LES can improve the nutritional metabolism in cirrhotic patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Campillo B, Bories PN, Devanlay M, Sommer F, Wirquin E, Fouet P (1992). The thermogenic and metabolic effects of food in liver cirrhosis: consequences on the storage of nutrients and the hormonal counterregulatory response. Metabolism 41, 476–482.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang WK, Chao YC, Tang HS, Lang HF, Hsu CT (1997). Effects of extra-carbohydrate supplementation in the late evening on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 21, 96–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabadi UM (1992). Is hepatic glycogen content a regulator of glucagon secretion? Metabolism 41, 113–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Megyesi C, Samols E, Marks V (1967). Glucose tolerance and diabetes in chronic liver disease. Lancet 2, 1051–1056.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merli M, Riggio O, Romiti A, Ariosto F, Mango L, Pinto G et al. (1990). Basal energy production rate and substrate use in stable cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 12, 106–112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miwa Y, Shiraki M, Kato M, Tajika M, Mohri H, Murakami N et al. (2000). Improvement of fuel metabolism by nocturnal energy supplementation in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 18, 184–189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mullen KD, Denne SC, McCullough AJ, Savin SM, Bruno D, Tavill AS et al. (1986). Leucine metabolism in stable cirrhosis. Hepatology 6, 622–630.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson LH (1973). Liver glycogen content in man in the postabsorptive state. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 32, 317–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto M, Sakaida I, Tsuchiya M, Suzuki C, Okita K (2003). Effect of a late evening snack on the blood glucose level and energy metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 27, 45–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen OE, Reichle FA, Mozzoli MA, Kreulen T, Patel MS, Elfenbein IB et al. (1981). Hepatic, gut, and renal substrate flux rates in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 68, 240–252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrides AS, DeFronzo RA (1989). Glucose and insulin metabolism in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 8, 107–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrides AS, DeFronzo RA (1994). Failure of glucagon to stimulate hepatic glycogenolysis in well-nourished patients with mild cirrhosis. Metabolism 43, 85–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrides AS, Groop LC, Riely CA, DeFronzo RA (1991). Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 88, 561–570.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plauth M, Merli M, Kondrup J, Weimann A, Ferenci P, Müller MJ, ESPEN Consensus Group (1997). ESPEN guidelines for nutrition in liver disease and transplantation. Clin Nutr 16, 43–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakaida I, Tsuchiya M, Okamoto M, Okita K (2004). Late evening snack and the change of blood glucose level in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 30S, S67–S70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw JH, Humberstone DA, Douglas RG, Koea J (1991). Leucine kinetics in patients with benign disease, non-weight-losing cancer, and cancer cahexia: studies at the whole-body and tissue level and the response to nutritional support. Surgery 109, 37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shmueli E, Record CO, Alberti KGMM (1992). Liver disease, carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 6, 719–743.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swart GR, Zillikens MC, van Vuure JK, van den Berg JW (1989). Effect of late evening meal on nitrogen balance in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. BMJ 299, 1202–1203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tajika M, Kato M, Mohri H, Miwa Y, Kato T, Ohnishi H et al. (2002). Prognostic value of energy metabolism in patients with viral liver cirrhosis. Nutrition 18, 229–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuchiya M, Sakaida I, Okamoto M, Okita K (2005). The effect of a late evening snack in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 31, 95–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verboeket-van de Venne WP, Westerterp KR, van Hoek B, Swart GR (1995). Energy expenditure and substrate metabolism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: effects of the pattern of food intake. Gut 36, 110–116.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi M (1997). Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan. Ishiyaku Publishers: Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamanaka H, Genjida K, Yokota K, Taketani Y, Morita K, Miyamoto KI et al. (1999). Daily pattern of energy metabolism in cirrhosis. Nutrition 15, 749–754.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamauchi M, Takeda K, Sakamoto K (2001). Effect of oral branched chain amino acid supplementation in the late evening on the nutritional state of patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 21, 199–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zillikens MC, Swart GR, van den Berg JW, Wilson JH (1989). Effects of the glucosidase inhibitor acarbose in patients with liver cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 3, 453–459.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zillikens MC, van den Berg JW, Wattimena JL, Rietveld T, Swart GR (1993). Nocturnal oral glucose supplementation. The effects on protein metabolism in cirrhotic patients and in healthy controls. J Hepatol 17, 377–383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work described in this publication was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan (to HYO and ET), and from the 21st Century COE Program, Human Nutritional Science on Stress Control Tokushima, Japan. We wish to thank the doctors and nurses in Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of Tokushima University for their help and cooperation during the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan

    H Yamanaka-Okumura, T Nakamura, H Takeuchi, H Arai, Y Taketani & E Takeda

  2. Department of Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan

    H Miyake, M Fujii & M Shimada

  3. Department of Medical Information Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan

    T Katayama

Authors
  1. H Yamanaka-Okumura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T Nakamura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H Takeuchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H Miyake
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. T Katayama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. H Arai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Y Taketani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M Fujii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. M Shimada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. E Takeda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H Yamanaka-Okumura.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yamanaka-Okumura, H., Nakamura, T., Takeuchi, H. et al. Effect of late evening snack with rice ball on energy metabolism in liver cirrhosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 60, 1067–1072 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602420

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602420

  • Springer Nature Limited

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Navigation