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Sex-specific nanomedicine- and biomaterials-based therapies of chronic wounds

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Wound healing mechanisms differ depending on the sex, particularly in chronic wounds. Therefore, sex should be considered in the design of nanomedicine- and biomaterials-based wound healing therapies, both in preclinical and clinical testing.

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Fig. 1: Nanomedicine and biomaterials design for wound healing should consider sex.

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Acknowledgements

L.G. and M.M. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant DK131417). I.P. acknowledges support from the US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant R01DK136241). D.R.N. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council for a Future Fellowship (FT230100220).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Negar Mahmoudi & David R. Nisbet

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Negar Mahmoudi & David R. Nisbet

  3. Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    David R. Nisbet

  4. Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Irena Pastar

  5. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Lisa Gould

  6. South Shore Health Center for Wound Healing, Weymouth, MA, USA

    Lisa Gould

  7. Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Simon Matoori

  8. Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Morteza Mahmoudi

  9. Connors Center for Women’s Health & Gender Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Morteza Mahmoudi

Authors
  1. Negar Mahmoudi
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  2. David R. Nisbet
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  3. Irena Pastar
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  4. Lisa Gould
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  5. Simon Matoori
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  6. Morteza Mahmoudi
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Contributions

All authors contributed equally to this Comment.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Morteza Mahmoudi.

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Competing interests

M.M. discloses that he is a co-founder of Academic Parity Movement and Targets’ Tip; he receives royalties/honoraria for his published books, plenary lectures and licensed patents. D.R.N. discloses that he is the co-founder and CEO of NanoStratus Pty. Ltd. He receives honoraria for his editorial responsibilities, plenary lectures and licensed patents. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

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Related links

US National Institute of Health: https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sex-gender/orwh-mission-area-sex-gender-in-research/nih-policy-on-sex-as-biological-variable

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Mahmoudi, N., Nisbet, D.R., Pastar, I. et al. Sex-specific nanomedicine- and biomaterials-based therapies of chronic wounds. Nat Rev Bioeng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-024-00191-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-024-00191-4

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