Neuromodulation and brain–computer interfaces are rapidly evolving fields with distinct origins but with the shared goal of improving the lives of people with neurological and psychiatric disorders or injuries. Their increasing technological overlap provides new opportunities for collaborative work and rapid progress in neurotechnology.
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J.H. and T.D. were previously employed by Medtronic and were involved in the development of the Medtronic Activa PC+S (T.D.) and the Medtronic Summit RC+S (J.H. and T.D.). P.S. has received investigational devices, at no charge, from Medtronic, receives support for clinical fellowship training from Medtronic and Boston Scientific, and is compensated by Neuralink for time serving on the Data Safety and Monitoring Board for the Neuralink PRIME study. G.A.W. has licensed neuromodulation intellectual property to Cadence Neuroscience and has received Medtronic investigational devices free of charge as part of the NIH Brain Initiative. T.D. is a board member of Cortec Neuro, is a co-founder and non-executive chair of Mint Neuro, is a co-founder and director of Amber Therapeutics, and was a co-organizer for the United States National Academies meeting on advancing the adoption of brain stimulation devices. V.K., H.D., J.S. and D.B. declare no competing interests.
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Herron, J., Kremen, V., Simeral, J.D. et al. The convergence of neuromodulation and brain–computer interfaces. Nat Rev Bioeng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-024-00187-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-024-00187-0
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