Skip to main content
Log in

The scale up of chemical reactions

  • Comment
  • Published:

From Nature Reviews Methods Primers

View current issue Sign up to alerts

The scaling up of a chemical reaction is a complex process. Chemists should pay special attention to a number of key factors, including the choice of route, reagents and solvents; health and safety considerations; the isolation and purification of the desired product; and the development of robust supporting analytical methodology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Hughes, J. P., Rees, S., Kalindjian, S. B. & Philpott, K. L. Principles of early drug discovery. Br. J. Pharmacol. 162, 1239–1249 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bryan, M. C. et al. Key green chemistry research areas from a pharmaceutical manufacturers’ perspective revisited. Green Chem. 20, 5082–5103 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Constable, D. J. C. et al. Key green chemistry research areas—a perspective from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Green Chem. 9, 411–420 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Murray, P. M. et al. The application of design of experiments (DoE) reaction optimisation and solvent selection in the development of new synthetic chemistry. Org. Biomol. Chem. 14, 2373–2384 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Anastas, P. & Eghbali, N. Green chemistry: principles and practice. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 301–312 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Trost, B. M. The atom economy — a search for synthetic efficiency. Science 254, 1471–1477 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Saada, R., Patel, D. & Saha, B. Causes and consequences of thermal runaway incidents — will they ever be avoided? Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 97, 109–115 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Galilei, G. Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences (Martino Fine Books, 2015).

  9. Patel, N. A. A review on significance of identifying an appropriate solid form during drug discovery and product development. Mater. Sci. Res. India. 18, 154–170 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James R. Hitchin.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hitchin, J.R. The scale up of chemical reactions. Nat Rev Methods Primers 2, 28 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00116-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00116-8

  • Springer Nature Limited

This article is cited by

Navigation