Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The context, science and practice of gender-affirming care

  • Comment
  • Published:

From Nature Medicine

View current issue Submit your manuscript

Gender-affirming care for transgender and gender diverse people should be inclusive, community led and evidence informed to support mental health and wellbeing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Turban, J. L. et al. Am. J. Public Health 109, 1452–1454 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Turban, J. L. et al. JAMA Psychiat. 77, 68–76 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts (AMA, 2022).

  4. United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner (United Nations, accessed July 2022); https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2020/07/conversion-therapy-can-amount-torture-and-should-be-banned-says-un-expert

  5. Keuroghlian, A. S. J. Clin. Psychiatry 83, 22com14579 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Scheim, A. I. et al. Lancet Public Health 5, e196–e203 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kohn, G. E. et al. Sex. Med. Rev. 7, 416–442 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Nieschlag, E. et al. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 180, R201–R212 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Reicherzer, S. J. LGBT Issues Couns. 2, 326–347 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hembree, W. et al. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 102, 3869–3903 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Standards of Care Version 8 (WPATH, accessed October 2022); https://go.nature.com/3gl35f1

  12. Schulz, S. L. J. Humanist. Psychol. 58, 72–92 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Cavanaugh, T. et al. AMA J. Ethics 18, 1147–1155 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Turban, J. L. et al. LGBT Health 8, 273–280 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Oles, N. et al. Ann. Surg. 275, e67–e74 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Oles, N. et al. Ann. Surg. 275, e52–e66 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Baker, K. E. et al. J. Endocr. Soc. 5, bvab011 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bustos, V. P. et al. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open 9, e3479 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Almazan, A. N. et al. JAMA Surg. 156, 611–618 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cocchetti, C. et al. J. Clin. Med. 11, 1704 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Turban, J. L. et al. J. Adolesc. Health 69, 991–998 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Turban, J. L. et al. Pediatrics 145, e20191725 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Project Accelerate. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dCcGuRi7M0 (accessed 28th November, 2022).

  24. Liu, M. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 387, 294–297 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Keuroghlian, A. S. et al. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 24, e25728 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Morenz, A. M. et al. Ann. Fam. Med. 18, 73–79 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Almazan, A. N. et al. Am. J. Public Health 111, 2059–2063 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alex S. Keuroghlian.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

A.S.K. declares royalties as editor of a McGraw Hill textbook on transgender and gender diverse healthcare. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Keuroghlian, A.S., Keatley, J., Shaikh, S. et al. The context, science and practice of gender-affirming care. Nat Med 28, 2464–2467 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02082-w

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02082-w

  • Springer Nature America, Inc.

Navigation