References
Ceccherini, G. et al. Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015. Nature 583, 72–77 (2020).
Tree Cover Loss (Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA) (Global Forest Watch, accessed 1 July 2020); http://data.globalforestwatch.org/datasets/14228e6347c44f5691572169e9e107ad.
Santoro, M. et al. GlobBiomass - global datasets of forest biomass. PANGAEA https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711 (2018).
Hansen, M. C. et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342, 850–853 (2013).
Chirici, G. et al. Monitoring clearcutting and subsequent rapid recovery in Mediterranean coppice forests with Landsat time series. Ann. For. Sci. 77, 40 (2020).
Turubanova, S. et al. Ongoing primary forest loss in Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 074028 (2018).
Olofsson, P. et al. Good practices for estimating area and assessing accuracy of land change. Remote Sens. Environ. 148, 42–57 (2014).
Forest Europe. State of Europe’s Forests 2015 (Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, 2015).
Rozendaal, D. M. A., Santoro, M. & Schepaschenko, D. DUE GlobBiomass. D24 Validation Report (FSU Jena, 2017).
Senf, C. et al. Canopy mortality has doubled in Europe’s temperate forests over the last three decades. Nat. Commun. 9, 4978 (2018).
Olofsson, P. et al. Making better use of accuracy data in land change studies: Estimating accuracy and area and quantifying uncertainty using stratified estimation. Remote Sens. Environ. 129, 122–131 (2013).
Bullock, E. L., Woodcock, C. E., Souza, C., Jr & Olofsson, P. Satellite-based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 2956–2969 (2020).
Forzieri, G. et al. A spatially explicit database of wind disturbances in European forests over the period 2000–2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12, 257–276 (2020).
Hurmekoski, E. et al. Diversification of the forest industries: Role of new wood-based products. Can. J. For. Res. 48, 1417–1432 (2018).
Levers, C. et al. Drivers of forest harvesting intensity patterns in Europe. For. Ecol. Manage. 315, 160–172 (2014).
FAOSTAT. Forestry Production and Trade (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, accessed 15 Dec 2019); http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FO.
Seidl, R., Schelhaas, M.-J., Rammer, W. & Verkerk, P. J. Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage. Nat. Clim. Change 4, 806–810 (2014).
Verkerk, P. J. et al. Climate-Smart Forestry: the missing link. For. Policy Econ. 115, 102164 (2020).
Acknowledgements
We thank G. Ceccherini and co-authors for immediately making available all original material, processing codes and results of their study upon request. N.A. and T.A.M.P. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) Programme Grant Agreement no. 758873 (TreeMort).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
M.P. and G.-J.N. conceived and initiated the study. R.V., C.S., N.A., T.A.M.P., G.C., S.F., T.H., B.J.W.L. and D.A. ran different parts of the analyses and demonstrations. M.P., R.V., G.-J.N., C.S., T.A.M.P., J.S., R.S., B.G. and L.H. drafted the initial version of the manuscript. P.P. provided first-hand experience of the algorithms involved in the production of GFC data. All authors offered insights from their own national statistics and local knowledge, which focused the analyses and the argumentation, and contributed critically to the interpretation of the results, revising and approving the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Palahí, M., Valbuena, R., Senf, C. et al. Concerns about reported harvests in European forests. Nature 592, E15–E17 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03292-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03292-x
- Springer Nature Limited
This article is cited by
-
The conservation value of forests can be predicted at the scale of 1 hectare
Communications Earth & Environment (2024)
-
Carbon carrying capacity in primary forests shows potential for mitigation achieving the European Green Deal 2030 target
Communications Earth & Environment (2024)
-
Asymmetric influence of forest cover gain and loss on land surface temperature
Nature Climate Change (2023)
-
Substantial and increasing global losses of timber-producing forest due to wildfires
Nature Geoscience (2023)
-
Leveraging research infrastructure co-location to evaluate constraints on terrestrial carbon cycling in northern European forests
Ambio (2023)