When a system is driven across a second-order phase transition, defects can form because it cannot respond quickly enough to the new conditions. The Kibble–Zurek mechanism explains this physics, and has now been invoked for Ising-type domains.
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Kézsmárki, I., Cano, A. When Ising met Kibble–Zurek. Nat. Phys. 19, 1392–1393 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02231-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02231-z
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