Temperature differences between cities and the countryside have been regarded as useful surrogates for ecological responses to climate warming. However, research reveals mismatch between the phenological responses to spatial and temporal temperature gradients as well as complex interactions between urbanization and climate.
References
Wohlfahrt, G., Tomelleri, E. & Hammerle, A. Nat. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1017-9 (2019).
Li, D., Stucky, B. J., Deck, J., Baiser, B. & Guralnick, R. P. Nat. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1004-1 (2019).
Manoli, G. et al. Nature 573, 55–60 (2019).
Cleland, E. E., Chuine, I., Menzel, A., Mooney, H. A. & Schwartz, M. D. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22, 357–365 (2007).
Keenan, T. F. et al. Nat. Clim. Change 4, 598–604 (2014).
Renner, S. S. & Zohner, C. M. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 49, 165–182 (2018).
Chuine, I. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 3149–3160 (2010).
Richardson, A. D. et al. Agric. For. Meteorol. 169, 156–173 (2013).
Templ, B. et al. Int. J. Biometeorol. 62, 1109–1113 (2018).
Elmendorf, S. C. et al. Ecosphere 7, e01303 (2016).
Betancourt, J. et al. Eos Trans. 86, 539 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zohner, C.M. Phenology and the city. Nat Ecol Evol 3, 1618–1619 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1043-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1043-7
- Springer Nature Limited
This article is cited by
-
Advances in spring leaf phenology are mainly triggered by elevated temperature along the rural-urban gradient in Beijing, China
International Journal of Biometeorology (2023)
-
From individual to population level: Temperature and snow cover modulate fledging success through breeding phenology in greylag geese (Anser anser)
Scientific Reports (2021)