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Dietary vitamin E intake and new-onset hypertension

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Abstract

The association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of new-onset hypertension remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prospective relationship of dietary vitamin E intake with new-onset hypertension in the general Chinese population. A total of 12,177 adults without hypertension at baseline were enrolled from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24 h dietary recalls at the individual level in combination with a weighing inventory taken over the same 3 days at the household level. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, a diagnosis by a physician, or the use of antihypertensive treatment during follow-up. During a median follow-up duration of 6.1 years, 4269 participants developed new-onset hypertension. Overall, the association between dietary vitamin E intake and new-onset hypertension followed a reverse J-shaped curve (P for nonlinearity <0.001). Accordingly, when dietary vitamin E intake was assessed by quintiles, significantly higher risks of new-onset hypertension were found among participants in the first quintile (<18.75 mg/d: adjusted HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.29–1.52) and the fifth quintile (≥40.53 mg/d: adjusted HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09–1.29) compared with those in the second–fourth quintiles (18.75 to <40.53 mg/d). Further adjustments for vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, zinc, copper, and selenium intake or the intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, grains, nuts, and vegetable oils did not substantially change the results. In conclusion, there was a reverse J-shaped association between dietary vitamin E intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults.

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Acknowledgements

Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was used for this research. We thank the National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Carolina Population Center (P2C HD050924 and T32 HD007168), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Institutes of Health (NIH; R01-HD30880, DK056350, R24 HD050924, and R01-HD38700) and NIH Fogarty International Center (D43 TW009077 and D43 TW007709) for the financial support for the CHNS data collection, the analysis files from 1989 to 2015 and future surveys. We also thank the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health for the support for the CHNS 2009, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai for the support since 2009, and Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control for the support since 2011.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFC2009600, 2022YFC2009605), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973133 and 81730019), and the Outstanding Youths Development Scheme of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University (2017J009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, 510515, China

    Yanjun Zhang, Sisi Yang, Qimeng Wu, Ziliang Ye, Chun Zhou, Mengyi Liu, Zhuxian Zhang, Panpan He, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Xiaoqin Gan & Xianhui Qin

  2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China

    Rui Li, Chengzhang Liu & Xianhui Qin

  3. Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China

    Rui Li, Chengzhang Liu & Xianhui Qin

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  1. Yanjun Zhang
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Contributions

YZ and XQ designed the research; YZ, SY, QW, ZY, CZ, ML, ZZ, PH, YZ, HL, RL, XG, CL, and XQ conducted the research; YZ, QW, and CL performed the data management and statistical analyses; and YZ and XQ wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed/edited the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xianhui Qin.

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Zhang, Y., Yang, S., Wu, Q. et al. Dietary vitamin E intake and new-onset hypertension. Hypertens Res 46, 1267–1275 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-01163-0

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