Abstract
Background
To provide insight in the treatment variation of very-low-risk prostate cancer patients and to assess the role of hospital-related factors.
Methods
All patients diagnosed with very-low-risk prostate cancer (cT1c-cT2a, PSA < 10 ng/ml, Gleason score <7 and <3 positive cores) in 2015 and 2016 were identified through the population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the crude and case-mix adjusted probability of immediate treatment vs. active-surveillance (AS) according to hospital of diagnosis and to evaluate the effect of patient-, tumour-, and hospital-related factors.
Results
In all, 2047 (85.4%) of the 2396 patients with very-low-risk prostate cancer were managed with AS. The crude proportion of patients with AS varied from 33.3 to 100% between hospitals. Case-mix adjusted probability varied from 71 to 97%. Tumour stage cT2a vs. cT1c (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.1−3.6), two vs. one positive core (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.6−4.7), diagnostic MRI (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.5−5.2), discussion of a patient in a multi-disciplinary team (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.1−4.5), discussion of treatment options with the patient (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.5−7.4) and type of hospital (non-university referral hospital vs. community hospital: OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.2−0.9) were associated with immediate treatment.
Conclusion
The majority of Dutch very-low-risk prostate cancer patients is managed with AS but variation between hospitals exists. Part of the variation is explained by patient- and tumour characteristics but also hospital-related factors play a role. This implies that clinical practice could be improved.
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Acknowledgements
This work is part of the ProZIB initiative (acronym for: ProstaatkankerZorg In Beeld or Insight into Prostate Cancer Care), which was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society.
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Dr. van Leenders is a consultant for Roche, and has received financial research support of Astra Zeneca and Roche on bladder cancer-related studies. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Jansen, H., van Oort, I.M., van Andel, G. et al. Immediate treatment vs. active-surveillance in very-low-risk prostate cancer: the role of patient-, tumour-, and hospital-related factors. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, 337–343 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0109-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0109-y
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