Protein toxins are known to translocate through intracellular membranes to reach their cytosolic targets. Results from studies with botulinum neurotoxin suggest that the toxin heavy chain functions as both a channel and a chaperone for translocation of the catalytically active light chain.
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Neale, E. Moving across membranes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 10, 2–3 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb0103-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb0103-2
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Moving across membranes
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (2003)