Observations made by the Cassini spacecraft at the bow shock of Saturn suggest that electrons are likely to be accelerated to near-relativistic energies by strong astrophysical shocks.
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Richardson, I. An unexpected shock. Nature Phys 9, 131–132 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2565
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2565
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