Skip to main content
Log in

Bilingual neurons release glutamate and GABA

  • News & Views
  • Published:

From Nature Neuroscience

View current issue Submit your manuscript

A study finds evidence supporting co-release of glutamate and GABA, excitatory and inhibitory fast neurotransmitters, from a single axon terminal in neurons of the ventral tegmental area that project to the lateral habenula.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1: LHb-innervating VTA neurons co-release glutamate and GABA from single axon terminals.

References

  1. Eccles, J.C., Fatt, P. & Koketsu, K. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 126, 524–562 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hnasko, T.S. & Edwards, R.H. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 74, 225–243 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Trudeau, L.-E. et al. Prog. Brain Res. 211, 141–164 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Spitzer, N.C. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 94–106 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Root, D.H. et al. Nat. Neurosci. 17, 1543–1551 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Stamatakis, A.M. et al. Neuron 80, 1039–1053 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Münster-Wandowski, A., Gómez-Lira, G. & Gutiérrez, R. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 7, 210 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Didier, A. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 6441–6446 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chance, F.S., Abbott, L.F. & Reyes, A.D. Neuron 35, 773–782 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Proulx, C.D., Hikosaka, O. & Malinow, R. Nat. Neurosci. 17, 1146–1152 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Matsumoto, M. & Hikosaka, O. Nature 447, 1111–1115 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cohen, J.Y., Haesler, S., Vong, L., Lowell, B.B. & Uchida, N. Nature 482, 85–88 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sutton, R.S. & Barto, A.G. Reinforcement Learning: an Introduction (MIT Press, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schultz, W., Dayan, P. & Montague, P.R. Science 275, 1593–1599 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoshige Uchida.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The author declares no competing financial interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Uchida, N. Bilingual neurons release glutamate and GABA. Nat Neurosci 17, 1432–1434 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3840

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3840

  • Springer Nature America, Inc.

This article is cited by

Navigation