Interleukin-17 (IL-17) released in the tumor microenvironment in response to drugs blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) triggers stromal-derived inflammatory and VEGF-independent angiogenic programs that induce the drug refractoriness found in cancers resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy (pages 1114–1123).
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Maniati, E., Hagemann, T. IL-17 mediates resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Nat Med 19, 1092–1094 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3333
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3333
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