Abstract
It has been thought that phosphorus in biominerals made of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) might be related to ACC formation, but no such phosphorus-containing compounds have ever been identified. Crustaceans use ACC biominerals in exoskeleton and gastroliths so that they will have easy access to calcium carbonate inside the body before and after molting. We have identified phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate, intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, in exoskeleton and gastroliths and found them important for stabilizing ACC.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to J.J. Hull for critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank Y. Kagayama (Fisheries Station of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan) for supplying us with the mitten crab. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (nos. 17GS0311, 22248037 and 22228006) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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A.S. performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. A.S., S. Nagasaka and H.N. designed the experiments. K.F. assisted in the NMR measurements and spectral analyses. S. Nagata assisted in the MS measurements. I.A., K.S. and T.K. conducted XRD measurements and supervised crystallographic analysis. S.S. and H.N. supervised the whole project.
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Sato, A., Nagasaka, S., Furihata, K. et al. Glycolytic intermediates induce amorphous calcium carbonate formation in crustaceans. Nat Chem Biol 7, 197–199 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.532
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.532
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