The discovery in 1936 that rats respond to various damaging stimuli with a general response that involves alarm, resistance and exhaustion launched the discipline of stress research.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature20473/MediaObjects/41586_2016_Article_BFnature20473_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
Don Graham/Division de la Gestion de Documents et des Archives, Univ. Montréal
Notes
References
Selye, H. Nature 138, 32 (1936).
Selye, H. Br. Med. J. 1, 1383–1392 (1950).
Bernard, C. Leçons sur les propriétés physiologiques et les altérations pathologiques des liquides de l'organisme (Baillière, 1859).
Cannon, W. B. The Wisdom of the Body (Norton, 1932).
Sherwin, R. R. & Sacca, L. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 245, E157–E165 (1984).
Selye, H. J. Hum. Stress 1, 37–44 (1975).
Selye, H. Stress in Health and Disease (Butterworth, 1976).
Haslbeck, M. & Vierling, E. J. Mol. Biol. 427, 1537–1548 (2015).
Park, C.-J. & Seo, Y.-S. Plant Pathol. J. 31, 323–333 (2015).
Pacak, K. et al. Am. J. Physiol. 275, R1247–R1255 (1998).
Sterling, P. & Eyer, J. in Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health (eds Fisher, S. & Reason, J.) 629–649 (Wiley, 1988).
Schulkin, J. (ed.) Allostasis, Homeostasis, and the Costs of Physiological Adaptation (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004).
McEwen, B. S. Physiol. Rev. 87, 873–904 (2007).
Vale, W., Spiess, J., Rivier, C. & Rivier, J. Science 213, 1394–1397 (1981).
Fink, G. J. Neuroendocrinol. 23, 107–117 (2011).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Related links
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fink, G. Eighty years of stress. Nature 539, 175–176 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20473
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20473
- Springer Nature Limited