When oxygen atoms bind to a graphite surface, they fall into line and make bridges across carbon atoms. This is the spearhead of a chemical attack in which the atomic arrangement of solid carbon is torn apart.
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Ajayan, P., Yakobson, B. Oxygen breaks into carbon world. Nature 441, 818–819 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/441818a
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/441818a
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