The connection between random grain motion and viscosity in shaken sand — a strongly non-equilibrium system — has been probed. Curiously, the link is similar to that found in an ordinary liquid in thermal equilibrium.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Uhlenbeck, G. E. & Goudsmit, S. Phys. Rev. 34, 145–151 (1929).
Reichl, L. E. A Modern Course in Statistical Physics 545–560 (Univ. Texas Press, Austin, 1991).
Einstein, A. Ann. Physik 17, 549–560 (1905).
Brown, R. Phil. Mag. 4, 161–173 (1828).
Jaeger, H. M., Nagel, S. R. & Behringer, R. P. Rev. Mod. Phys. 68, 1259–1273 (1996).
D'Anna, G., Mayor, P., Barrat, A., Loreto, V. & Nori, F. Nature 424, 909–912 (2003).
Kadanoff, L. P. Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 435–444 (1999).
de Gennes, P. G. Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, S374–S382 (1999).
Makse, H. A., Havlin, S., King, P. R. & Stanley, H. E. Nature 386, 379–382 (1997).
Melo, F., Umbanhowar, P. B. & Swinney, H. L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3838–3841 (1995).
Bagnold, R. A. The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes (Methuen, London, 1941).
Reynolds, O. Phil. Mag. 20, 469 (1885).
Makse, H. A. & Kurchan, J. Nature 415, 614–617 (2002).
Aumaitre, S., Fauve, S., McNamara, S. & Poggi, P. Eur. Phys. J. B 19, 449–460 (2001).
Colizza, V., Barrat, A. & Loreto, V. Phys. Rev. E 65, 050301(R) (2002).
Edwards, S. F. in Granular Matter: An Interdisciplinary Approach (ed. Mehta, A.) 121–140 (Springer, New York, 1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Umbanhowar, P. Shaken sand — a granular fluid?. Nature 424, 886–887 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/424886a
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/424886a
- Springer Nature Limited