Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor for Ras p21

Abstract

THE stimulation of a variety of cell surface receptors promotes the accumulation of the active, GTP-bound form of Ras proteins in cells1—4. This is a critical step in signal transduction because inhibition of Ras activation by anti-Ras antibodies or dominant inhibitory Ras mutants blocks many of the effects of these receptors on cellular function^5—8. To reach the active GTP-bound state, Ras proteins must first release bound GDP. This rate-limiting step in GTP binding is thought to be catalysed by a guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor (GRF)^9—11. Here we report the cloning of complementary DNAs from a rat brain library that encode a ∼140 GRF for Ras p21 (p140^Ras-GRF). Its carboxy-terminal region is similar to that of CDC25, a GRF for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAS¹¹. This portion of Ras-GRF accelerated the release of GDP from RasH and RasN p21 in vitro, but not from the related RalA, or CDC42Hs GTP-binding proteins. A region in the a mi no-terminal end of Ras-GRF is similar to both the human breakpoint cluster protein, Bcr¹², and the dbl oncogene product¹³, a guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor for CDC42Hs¹⁴. An understanding of Ras-GRF function will enhance our knowledge of the many signal transduction pathways mediated by Ras proteins.