Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution

Tides of tolerance

  • News & Views
  • Published:

From Nature

View current issue Submit your manuscript

Humans, and many other species, have a tendency to cooperate and help each other. But how does such behaviour evolve? Some new computer simulations provide a plausible answer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Darwin, C. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (John Murray, London, 1859).

  2. Hamilton, W. D. J. Theor. Biol. 7, 1–16 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Riolo, R., Cohen, M. D. & Axelrod, R. Nature 414, 441–443 (2001).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dawkins, R. The Selfish Gene (Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1976).

  5. Keller, L. & Ross, K. Nature 394, 573–575 (1998).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nowak, M. A. & Sigmund, K. Nature 393, 573–577 (1998).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pfennig, D. W. & Sherman, P. W. Sci. Am. 272, 98–103 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Axelrod, R. The Evolution of Cooperation (Basic Books, New York, 1984).

  9. Boyd, R. & Richerson, P. Culture and the Evolutionary Process (Univ. Chicago Press, 1985).

  10. Riolo, R. L. in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms (ed. Bäck, T.) 378–385 (Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 1997).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Mathematik, Universität Wien, Strudlhofgasse 4, Vienna, A-1090

    Karl Sigmund

  2. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria

    Karl Sigmund

  3. Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, 08540, New Jersey, USA

    Martin A. Nowak

Authors
  1. Karl Sigmund
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Martin A. Nowak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sigmund, K., Nowak, M. Tides of tolerance. Nature 414, 403–405 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35106672

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35106672

  • Springer Nature Limited

This article is cited by

Search

Navigation